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1、一、被动语态的构成形式一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态 的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态 的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhi
2、bits.例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3） am/is /are being do
3、ne 现在进行时3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here例 A new cinema is being built here 4） was/were done 一般过去时4） was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had
4、 been done 过去完成时5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there.
5、例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the s
6、oldiers mother as soon as it arrived.例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例 The project will have been completed before July.例 The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形
7、式2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个
8、宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的 主语，其余不动
9、。 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的 主语，其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe
10、 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结 构时，要加 to。 4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结 构时，要加 to。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into
11、 the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也 可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省 略。 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也 可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省 略。 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.例 The meeting is to be put off till
12、 Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态二、 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使 用被动语态。 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要
13、知道在哪些情况中使 用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 例 My bike was stolen last night.例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.例 I was given ten minutes to
14、 decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型三、 It is said that+从
15、句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “Itbe过去分词that 从句” 或 “主语be过去 分词to do sth.”。有： 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “Itbe过去分词that 从句” 或 “主语be过去 分词to do sth.”。有： It is said that 据说,It is reported that据
16、报道， It is believed that大家 相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道， It is believed that大家 相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national e
