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1、,English,Reading,and its history,Language points,1. throughout history 在整个历史进程中 2. That is why 这就是为什么 3. confusing rules 令人困惑不解的规则 4. be made up of 由组成 5. rules and vocabulary 规则和词汇,Paragraph 1,The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. w
2、hether D. that,The English language is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them. (p22),英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的规则和词汇构成的。,Each class in our school is made up of fifty-five students.,be made up of由组成（主动为make up),Fifty-five students make up each class in our sch
3、ool.,我们学校每个班由55名学生组成。,1. 编造 Make up a story. 2. 补足,弥补 我们需要五十元以弥补损失。 We need $50 to make up the loss. 3. 化装 她花了一个多小时才打扮好。 It took her more than an hour to make herself up.,make up,Someone is coming, but I cant make out who it is.,Can you make this length of cloth into a suit?,Desks can be made of woo
4、d. Wine is made from rice.,由制成,弄懂,分辨,把制成,Its the sort of work that _ a high level of concentration. A. calls for B. makes up C. lies in D. stands for,Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up,each They each ha
5、ve an English dictionary. =Each of them has an English dictionary. Therere many tall buildings on each/ either side of the street.,注意,主谓语单复数的不同及原因,注意,不可用every, every用于三者或三者以上。,1. invade 2. mixwith 3. create 4. It is certain that 5. consist of 6. .find it hard to decide which words 7. This is because
6、,Old English,侵入,侵略 诺曼人于1066年入侵英国。 The Normans invaded England in 1066. 侵犯,侵扰 侵犯某人的权利 invade sbs rights 拥入,大批进入 这个城市涌来了一批游客。 The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists. (疾病等)侵袭 这种疾病侵袭了他的身体。 The disease invaded his body. invasion n.,invade,They each had their own language and Anglo-Saxon (the base of
7、 Old English) developed from mixing these languages with Celtic. (p22) 这三个日尔曼部落分别有自己的语言，作为古英语基础的盎格鲁-撒克逊语就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇的过程中发展起来的。 使混和,搀和,混淆,搞混 mix joy with sorrow. Oil doesnt mix with water.,mix . with .,喜悲交集,油和水不能混合。,mix up 使弄不清；使混乱；混淆；,His explanation just mixed me up more. I always mix up the tw
8、ins.,我总是把这对双胞胎弄混。,他的解释令我更加糊涂了。,Its certain that 肯定,一定（此处不可用 sure） 他明天肯定会来。 Its certain that he will come tomorrow. He is sure /certain to come tomorrow. be certain / sure of / about 对有把握 在英语学习方面他对语法把握不大。 He is not certain/ sure of grammar in English learning. 某一位,某个 A certain Mr. Li called on you ye
9、sterday.,The language consisted of an Anglo-Saxon base plus words from the languages of Denmark and Norway. 它以盎格鲁-撒克逊语为基础，加上丹麦语和挪威语的词汇构成。,consist of / be made up of 由构成;包含,这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专家组成。 The research team consists of two Chinese scientists and three American experts. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。 The U
10、nited Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,plus:加，加上（介词）added to Two plus five is seven.,When we speak English today, we sometimes find it hard to decide which words or phrases to use. (p22) 如今，我们在说英语时，有时发现很难确定到底该选哪些单词或词组。,it,1. It is quite difficult to find ones family history. 2
11、. Do you consider it necessary to send more people to help them? 3. It was at midnight that he heard a crying softly.,The chairman thought _necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . （2005全国） A. that B. it C. this D. him It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the manager
12、s reply. （2005全国） A. since B. when C. as D. that,The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.（ 2005全国III ） Ait BsheCwhichDHe It was some time _ we realized the truth. （2005山东）A. when B. until C. since D. before,1. contribute to 2. take control of 3. replace 4. d
13、espite 5. have an impact on 6. result in 7. raise 8. adopt,Middle English,Many factors contributed to the development of this new type of English.,很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型。,It was believed that smoking had contributed to his early death.,人们相信是抽烟使他过早死亡。,contribute to,1) 为造成某一结果而作出贡献； 促成的因素：,锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。,Exe
14、rcise contributes to better health.,caused,Many people are willing to contribute their money to Hope Project.,2) 捐(款);捐献;投稿 contribute/donate to ,He contributed an article to China Daily.,许多人愿意把他们的钱捐赠给希望工程。,他为中国日报撰写了一篇文章。,contribution n.,make great contributions to,对作出巨大贡献,under control 在控制之下; out o
15、f control 失去控制 lose control of 失去控制 The English conquered this country and took control of it. 英国人征服了这个国家并掌控了它。 The fire lasted half an hour before it was under control. 大火持续了半小时才得到控制。 He lost control of the plane. 他控制不了飞机了。,take control of,1) 代替（take the place of) Electric lights have replaced cand
16、les. 电灯已经取代了蜡烛。 2) 放回原处 报纸读完后请放回原处。 When you have finished reading the newspaper, please replace it.,replace,despite prep.= in spite of 不管,尽管,任凭 尽管他病了，他还去上班。 He went to work despite his illness. 尽管他年事已高，他还在学驾驶。 Despite the advanced years, he is learning to drive. 虽然他花费了许多时间,但是他就是不擅长音乐。 He is not good at music despite the fact that he has spent much time on it.,despite,In spite of,Despite such a big difference in _
