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1、考 试 要 求中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态。一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例 如Many people speak Chinese.（谓语动词speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。）Chinese is spoken by many people.（主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者。）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词
2、的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现出来的。各种时态的被动语态构成如下：1.一般现在时：am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词Football is played all over the world.世界各地都在踢足球。2.一般过去时：was/were +及物动词的过去分词His leg was hurt in an accident.他的腿在一次事故中受伤了。3.一般将来时：will/shall be +及物动词的过去分词More factories will be built in our city.我们城市将建更多的工厂。4. 现在进行时：am/is/are b
3、eing + 及物动词的过去分词A road is being built around the mountain.这座山周围正在修一条路。5. 过去进行时：was/were being +及物动词的过去分词We were being trained at thistime last year.去年这个时候我们正在接受训练。6.现在完成时：have/has been +及物动词的过去分词His book has been translated into many languages.他的书已被译成多种语言。7.过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词A new school had
4、been set up by the end of last year.一所新学校已经在去年年底前建成。8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.垃圾可以放在那边的垃圾桶里。三、主动语态与被动语态的转换1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语动词变成被动结构（be过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中的时态来决定be的形式。3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例 如All the people laug
5、hed at him. He was laughed at by allthe people.所有人都嘲笑他。They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.他们在工厂里制造这些自行车。He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.他砍到了一棵树。四、含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态主动语态：主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 其他主语 + 谓语动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词(for/to) + 间接宾语 + 其他被动语态：间接宾
6、语 + be +过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)直接宾语+ be +过去分词 + 介词(for/to) +间接宾语 + 其他例 如My father gave me a new book on my birthday. I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father). A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).我的父亲在我的生日那天给了我一本新书。My father bought me a new computer yesterday. I was bo
7、ught a new computer yesterday (by my father). A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father).我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。五、短语动词的被动语态有些相当于及物动词的短语动词，如“动词+介词”“动词+副词”等，也可用于被动语态，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。例 如She looks after her grandmother. Her grandmother is looked after (by her).她照顾她的祖母。六、带复合宾语的主动语态变被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语
8、+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，原来的宾语补足语不动。例 如His teacher found him a very good pupil. He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。七、被动语态的其他注意点1. 在主动句中，let，make，see，hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但在被动句中，则要保留to。例 如Lindas parents make her practice the piano every Sunday. Linda is made to pr
9、actice the piano every Sunday.琳达的父母亲使她每天练习钢琴。2.有些及物动词，如have(有)，reach，cost等，以及有些连系动词，如smell，taste，sound，feel等，不用于被动语态。例 如【误】Five dollars is cost by this book.【正】This book costs five dollars.这本书花费了5元。【误】The food is tasted nice.【正】The food tastes nice.食物尝起来挺好。3.如move，lock，shut，open等作不及物动词与cant，wont等连用时
10、，以及如read，write，wash，clean等作不及物动词与well，easily等副词连用时，已含有被动意义，因此形式上不再采用被动结构。例 如The door wont open.门不能开了。The clothes wash well.这些衣服好洗。真 题 再 现(2019重庆A卷27题)His car _ five years ago, but it looks quite new.A. buys B. boughtC. is bought D. was bought【解析】句意：他的车是五年前买的，但是看起来很新。主语his car和谓语动词之间是被动关系，设空处应用被动语态，由
11、five years ago可知，题干的前半句应用一般过去时，故选D。(2019重庆B卷27题)These machines _ in their factory by themselves last year.A. make B. madeC. are made D. were made【解析】句意：这些机器是去年他们工厂自己制造的。主语these machines和谓语动词之间是被动关系，句中应用被动语态，由last year可知，句中应用一般过去时，故选D。(2018重庆A卷34题)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _ in China. Im sure it
12、will be a great success.A. hold B. will holdC. were held D. will be held【解析】句意：2022冬奥会将会在中国举行。我相信会很成功。主语the 2022 Winter Olympic Games和谓语动词之间是被动关系，句中应用被动语态，由于2022年还未到来，句中应用一般将来时，故选D。(2018重庆B卷34题)Whos the little girl in the photo, Laura?Its me. This photo _ when I was five.A. is taken B. takesC. was taken D. took【解析】答句句意为：那是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。主语this photo和谓语动词之间是被动关系，设空处应用被动语态，由when I was five可知，空格处应用一般过去时，故选C。
