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1、试题结构,选择题,选择题共有10道 占总分的5% 内容主要考察语法,返回,题 型,虚拟语气 分词结构 主谓一致 倒装结构 从句结构 独立主格 时态结构,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,返回,If 非真实条件句（1）,If 非真实条件句（2）,与现在事实相反 If they were here, they would help you.,If 非真实条件句（3）,与过去事实相反 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have b
2、een burnt if you had been more careful. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.,If 非真实条件句（4）,与将来事实相反 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,I wish（1）,I wi
3、sh（2）,I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 I wished I hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。,特殊动词 + 宾语从句(should) + do,建议 suggest / propose / advise / recommend 要求 demand / desire / insist / require / request 命令 order / command 意志 urge / prefer / maintain / object
4、,特殊名词 + 表语 / 同位语从句(should) + do,建议 要求 命令 意志,主语从句It is + adj. / p.p. + that(should) + do,特殊动词的形容词 / 过去分词形式： suggested / desirable / advisable / demanded / urgent / preferable 特殊形容词： important / impossible / necessary / natural / essential 特殊名词： a pity / a shame,It is (high / about) time + (that)主语从句d
5、id,表示做某事的时间早完了或早该做了。 从句动词用一般过去式表示虚拟。 例：It is high time you went to bed.,would / had + rather / sooner + 宾语从句,I would rather you did it now. I would rather you came here tomorrow. I would rather you had come here yesterday.,as if / as though,He talks as if he knew where she is now He talks about Rome
6、 as if he had been there before He opens his mouth as if he would say something,lest / in case / for fear that (should) + do,He checked his car carefully lest it should break down on the way.,but for + n. / but + (that)从句要不是 / 如果不是因为 without / with no 如果没有 / 如果不是would have done,They would have helpe
7、d us willingly but (that) they happened to be short of hands, too.,If only：要是就好了！,与现在事实相反： If only I were a boy. 与过去事实相反： If only he had been here then. 与将来事实相反： If only I had another chance. If only I could see you tomorrow.,分 词,分词是一种非谓语动词形式 现在分词：表示主动 过去分词：表示被动 分词可以做前置 / 后置定语 分词可以做时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 结果
8、 / 让步 / 伴随状语,返回,主谓一致,主谓一致指“人称”和“数”之间的一致关系 语法一致（grammatical concord） 意义一致（notional concord） 就近原则（principle of proximity）,返回,语法一致,主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students present is 200 主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jane and Mary look alike.,意义一致,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内
9、容的词有：people, personnel, police, cattle, youth, mankind, 等。 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 如：The news was so surprising. 复数形式单数意义的单词有news和一些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。,就近原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词。 这类词包括：or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also, there be 结构 Either your students or Mr. Wang k
10、nows this.,each / every / no,each / every / no + n. + and + each / every / no + n. + V.单 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.,主谓倒装中的主谓一致,在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语一致。 如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.,and,and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一 事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名 词没有冠词。 A (knife and fork) is
11、 on the table. The girls (teacher and friend) is a young doctor. Truth and honesty is the best policy. To love and to be loved is great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.,with 等,当主语后面跟有： as well as / as much as / no less than / along with / together with / with / lik
12、e / rather than / but / except / besides / including / in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。 如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.,one and a half,表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.,one of + 定语从句,one of + pl.
13、 + 引导词 + V.复 the only one of + pl. + 引导词 + V.单 This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. She was the only one of the girls who was late.,倒 装,含义：为了表达上的需要，有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序，把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法，叫做倒装。 作用：运用倒装，可以加强语势，调和音节，错综句法。 完全倒装：V + S （地点 / 方向副词或介词短语位于句首） 部分倒装：助动词 / 情态动词 + S +
14、 V （其它情况）,返回,倒装分类,here 等方向副词 + go等位移动词 + 名词主语 in 等地点副词 + V + 名词主语 so （肯） / nor / neither （否） +助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 so + adj. / adv. + 助动词 + 主语 + V + that 从句 only + 介词短语 not等表示否定意义的词 作状语置于句首 省略if 的虚拟语气 让步状语从句 ：形容词/名词 + as + 主语 + 谓语,here 等方向副词,方向副词（here, there, out, in, up, off, down, away, back等）放到句首。 位移动词
15、：go, come, run, rush等。 主语必须是名词。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃声响了。 Down came the rain. 雨落了下来。 Out rushed a tiger from the wood. 忽然从林子里冲出一只老虎。,in 等介词表示的地点状语,注意：这种倒装句的主语必须是名词。 In the center of the hall stands a white piano. 在大厅的中央立着一台白色的钢琴。 Under the bed lies a sleeping cat. 床铺底下躺着
16、一只正在睡觉的猫。 Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the shoulder. 在他们当中有一个肩部受伤的士兵。,so 或 nor 等表示类推概念,用so或nor表示“我也（不）这样”一类概念时，常用以下结构： 肯定：so + 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 否定：nor/ neither + 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 He has visited the museum. So have I. 他已经参观了博物馆，我也参观了。 The boy cant skate. Nor can his brother. (Neither can his brother.) 那男孩不会滑冰。他的兄弟也不会。 注意：如果so不是表示“我也.”而是表示“的确如此”则不能倒装。 John won first prize in the contest. So he did. 约翰在比赛中赢得一等奖。的确如此。 -It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all
