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1、,Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,& indirect speech,1. “Whose book is it?” he asked.,He asked whose book it was.,“Whose book are you reading?” Jim asked her.,Jim asked her whose book she was reading.,He asked, “Where are you going?” He asked (us) where we were going. She asked, “Who is in charge here?” She a
2、sked (me) who was in charge there. He asked, “Which firm makes these parts?” He asked (me) which firm makes /made those parts.,He said,“Where have you been?” He asked me where I had been. He asked,“How are you getting along?” He asked us how we were getting along.,2. “Have you been to the USA?” Jim
3、asked Tom. Jim asked Tom whether/if he had been to the USA. He asked me, “Do you play chess?” He asked me if/whether I played chess. She asked, “Did you go home?” She asked me if I had gone home.,“Is this room yours or his?” He asked me whether this room was mine or his. 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时, 通常用whether或i
4、f引导, 而引述选择疑问句时, 通常只用whether引导。,“Let me help!”,A: ? C: He asked you. B: . C: He said / told you that.,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,不定式 The officer
5、 ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时 “I know it
6、,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been do
7、ing it for hours.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked
8、if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students th
9、at water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to,
10、used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,that/this those/these then before that day/today/yesterday (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before come/go bring/take there/here,“Im goi
11、ng to hide from the Germans. Will we hide away for long? I find it necessary to have a friend.” Anne said. “Why do you choose your diary?” her father asked. “I want my diary to be my best friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” she answered.,Use the following to help you: 1. said / asked / wrote
12、/ wondered / wanted to know. 2. , and / but / so.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercises,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through t
13、he street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The ma
14、n thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that w
15、e werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had heard a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked
