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1、目录 2004年北京大学外国语学院661专业能 力考研真题及详解 2007年北京大学外国语学院661专业能 力考研真题及详解 2012年北京大学外国语学院664专业能 力考研真题及详解 2004年北京大学外国语学院661专业能力考研真题及详解 一、Translate the passage into Chinese. （50分） HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or misc
2、hief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto wh
3、ich they know they must transmit their dearest pledges. Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some
4、foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man, and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children; as if it were an abatement to his riches
5、. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants
6、; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives, are of that condition. A single life doth well with churchmen; for charity will hardly water the ground, where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent for judges and magistrates; for if they be facile and
7、corrupt, you shall have a servant, five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children; and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks, making the vulgar soldier more base. Certainly wife and children are
8、a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led
9、 by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati. Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she th
10、ink her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will. But yet he was reputed one of the wise men, that made answer to the question, when a man sho
11、uld marry. A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. It is often seen that bad husbands, have very good wives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of their husbands kindness, when it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails, if the bad husbands were of t
12、heir own choosing, against their friends consent; for then they will be sure to make good their own folly. 【参考译文】 成了家的人，可以说对于命运之神付出了抵押品。因为家庭难免拖累于 事业，使人的许多抱负难以实现。所以最能为公从献身的人，往往是那 种不被家室所累的人。因为只有这种人，才能够把他的全部爱情与财 产，都奉献给唯一的情人公众。而那种有家室的人，恐怕只愿把美 好的祝愿保留给自己的后代。 有的人在结婚后仍然愿意继续过独身生活。因为他们不喜欢家庭，把妻 子儿女看作经济上的累赘。还有一
13、些富人甚至以无子嗣为自豪。也许他 们是担心，一旦有了子女就会瓜分现有的财产吧。有一种人过独身生活 是为了保持自由，以避免受约束于家庭承担的义务和责任。但这种人， 可能会认为腰带和鞋带，也难免是一种束缚束吧！实际上，独身者也许 可以成为最好的朋友，最好的主人，最好的仆人，但很难成为最好的公 民。因为他们随时可以迁逃，所以差不多一切流窜犯都是无家者。 作为献身宗教的僧侣，是有理由保持独身的。否则他们的悲慈就将先布 施于家人而不时供奉于上帝了。作为法官与律师，是否独身关系并不 大。因为只要他们身边有一个坏的幕僚，其进谗言的能力就足以抵上五 个妻子。作为军人，有家室则是好事，家庭的荣誉可以激发他们的责
14、任 感和勇气。这一点可以从土耳其的事例中得到反证那里的风俗不重 视婚姻和家庭，结果他们士兵的斗志很差。对家庭的责任心不仅是对人 类的一种约束，也是一种训练。那种独身的人，虽然在用起钱来很挥 霍，但实际上往往是心肠很硬的，因为他们不懂得怎样去爱他人。一种 好的风俗，能教化出情感坚贞严肃的男子汉，例如像尤利西斯 （Ulysses）那样，他曾抵制美丽女神的诱惑，而保持了对妻子的忠贞。 一个独身的女人常常是骄横的，因为她需要显示，她的贞节似乎是自愿 保持的。如果一个女人为丈夫的聪明优秀而自豪，那么这是使她忠贞不 渝的最好保证。但如果一个女人发现她的丈夫是忌妒多疑的，那么她将 绝不会认为他是聪明的。在人
15、生中，妻子是青年时代的情人，中年时代 的伴侣，暮年时代的守护。所以在人的一生中，只要有合适的对象选 择，任何时候结婚都是有理由的。 但也有一位古代哲人，对于人应当在何时结婚这个问题是这样说 的：“年纪少时还不应当，年纪大时已不必要。”美满的婚姻是难得一遇 的。常可见到许多不出色的丈夫却有一位美丽的妻子。这莫非是因为这 种丈夫由于具有不太多的优点，反而使他的优点更值得被珍视吗？也许 因为伴随这种丈夫，可以考验一个妇人的忍耐精神吧？如果这种婚姻出 自一个女人的自愿选择，甚至是不顾亲友的劝告而选择的，那么就让她 自己去品尝这枚果实的滋味吧。 二、Translate the passage into
16、English. （50分） 臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危 急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘身于外者：盖追 先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志 士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。宫中府中，俱为 一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科，及为忠善者，宜付有司， 论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎 郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛 下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙 漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用之于昔日，先帝 称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨 之，必能使行阵和穆，优劣得所也。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆 也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事， 未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节 之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。 臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣 卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三
