《English History1(英国历史 5000BC-1066)解析课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《English History1(英国历史 5000BC-1066)解析课件（39页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1,Chapter Two English History,Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important events and figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.,Objectives,2,Section OneThe Origins of a Nation (5000BC-10
2、66),3,Britannia and Briton,Britannia is an ancient term for Great Britain, and also a personification of the island. In AD 43 the Roman Empire began its conquest of the island, establishing a province they called Britannia, which came to encompass the parts of the island south of Caledonia (roughly
3、Scotland). The native Celtic inhabitants of the province are known as the Britons. In the 2nd century Roman Britannia came to be personified as a goddess, armed with a trident and shield and wearing a helmet. By the 1st century BC Britannia came to be used for Great Britain specifically.,4,Photograp
4、h of Brittania statue, taken in Plymouth,U.K. ,5,I. Prehistoric Britain (5000 BC100BC),Britain before the Romans came: stone, bronze, iron ages, construction of Stonehenge, earthworks, Druids, the Celts （1）The Iberians 伊比利亚人were the first known settlers (inhabitants) of Britain （2）They come to Brita
5、in at 3000 BC during the New Stone Age （3）The proof that the Iberians were the first known settlers is the long barrows (古墓冢) found, which were their communal burial mounds (公墓),6,The Stonehenge (圆形巨石群、阵): One of the wonders of the world, which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC.
6、 It is a circular group of large standing stones Now as a world heritage site, Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. Exactly why it was built is unknown but it must have had religious and political significance. So
7、me think the Stonehenge is associated with the Celts.,7,8, The Stonehenge may have been used as:,Astronomical Observatory,Calendar,Calculator,Religious Ritual,9,2. The Beaker Folk 宽口陶器人（以其铃、钟形宽口陶器而闻名）,At about 2000 BC (at the early Bronze Age) the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holl
8、and and the Rhineland莱茵兰. They get their name from their distinctive bell-shaped drinking vessels (or beakers) They bring with them: The art of pottery making The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronze tools The custom of individual burial The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑
9、堡城镇). The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.,10,11,3. The Celts,The Celts were the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish The Celts are regarded as the natives or Britons who may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, including France, Belgium and southern Germany in 700 B.
10、C. They were Practised farmers. They drained much of the marshlands and built houses of wood and wickerwork with a weatherproof coating of mud.（带有抗风化的泥层） They were ironworkers. Their religion：Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druidsthe wise men, astrologers, soothsayers（占卜者）,12,4. Roman Britain (55BC410AD),1)Brit
11、ish recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. 2)In 55 BC, the great Roman general Julius Caesar invaded Britain for the first time the invasion was unsuccessful because of resistance, the successful invasion did not take place until nearly a century 3)In AD 43, Emperor Claudius invaded succes
12、sfully 4)For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, but it was never a total occupation. First, as a result of resistance; Secondly, Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.,13,the Hadrians Wall,It was one of the two great walls bu
13、ilt by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had occupied and conquered. 1)After the Roman occupation, the Romans met with fierce resistance and attacks from the tribes of Scotland. These people were called Picts（皮克特人）because of their “painted faces”. 2)The Romans realized that they coul
14、d not conquer them. So they withdrew from the north, and built two great walls, the Hadrians Wall and the Antonine Wall, to resist the attacks 哈德良长城（公元2世纪，罗马皇帝哈德良下令修建的城墙，用于防御英格兰北部边境，抵抗克尔特部落的进攻）,The location of Hadrians Wall,Hadrians Wall,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,14,15,The R
15、oman contribution P106,(1) They built a network of towns on their military camps with the capital of London (the suffix shire,caster or chester in English place namesLancaster, Winchesterderives from castra, the Latin word for camp.) (2) The Romans constructed a network of major and secondary roads.
16、 From London, roads radiated all over the country. (3) The Romans made good use of Britains natural resources. They built baths, temples, amphitheatres and beautiful villas. (4)The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.,16,Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?,Although Britain became part of the Roman Empire, the Roman impact upon the Britons was surprisingly limited because: 1)the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave cla
