高考形容词和副词复习课件

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1、,高考二轮复习语法系统讲解五、形容词与副词第一课时,主讲人 吴世民,形容词与副词的基本用法 (一)多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small beautiful room。 常用的顺序为: 限定词(those) + 数量形容词(three) + 描绘性形容词(beautiful) + 大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large) + 新旧(old) + 颜色(brown) + 国籍 + 材料(wood) + 被修饰名词(table) 我们可以这

2、么来记忆:O S A C N M U,记住规则是必要的,但还应多阅读、多体会,增强语感是关键。请仔细体会下面的例子: all these last few days , some beautiful little red flowers , a new green silk cap,(二)形容词的作用 1用作定语,修饰由不定代词one ,no ,any ,some和every构成的复合词,如anything,something时,通常放在修饰的词后。如: I have something interesting to tell you .,2用作表语,与系动词be,grow ,get ,bec

3、ome ,feel ,appear ,prove ,seem ,look ,keep ,smell ,taste,sound ,turn ,remain等连。如: The desk is clean . The weather is getting warmer and warmer . 3用作宾语补足语。如: The news made every one happy . I think the text very interesting .,4与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语。如: The rich and the poor live very different liv

4、es .(主语) 5作状语,表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如: He went to bed ,cold and hungry . Mr .White stared into the distance ,speechless for a moment .,(三)副词的作用 1副词一般在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如: He had worked hard all his life .(修饰动词) He is very diligent .(修饰形容词) You can find books on that subject quite easily .(修饰副词) Luckil

5、y she was in when I called .(修饰句子),2副词还可作表语。如: One of the trees is down The train is not in yet . 3有时副词还可用作定语,一般放在所修饰的后面,也可放在前面。如: The population here is getting smaller and smaller . 4表示位置的副词常与动词构成短语,表示特定的意思。如:pick out , turn up .,形容词与副词的比较等级 (一)比较等级的活用 形容词或副词的三种比较等级结构,即同级比较结构、比较级结构和最高级结构,有时可以换用。如用

6、同级比较结构表达最高级含义,用比较级句型表达最高级含义等,用法很灵活。,1用比较级句型表达最高级含义 + the other + 复数名词 比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 + any of the other + 复数名词 如: China is larger than any other country in Asia .( = China is the largest country in Asia .) Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class . ( = Tom is the tallest

7、boy in his class .),2比较级 + than + anything/anyone else。如: She loves music better than anything else . ( = She loves music best .) He works harder than anyone else in his class .( = He works hardest in his class .),3同级比较结构或比较级句型中出现否定词no,never,nothing等,用来表达最高级含义。如: I love nothing better than swimming

8、. ( = I love swimming best .) I have never seen as old a car as this . ( = This is the oldest car I have ever seen .),(二)形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成 1单音节形容词以及少数以-er,-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”。如great ,narrow,fast ,clever。 2以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble,-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”。如large ,able ,simple .,3以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,

9、其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”。如hot , big , begin。 4以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改为I,再加“er”,“est”。如easy , heavy , early。 5一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。如beautiful , careful。 6少数单音节形容也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如tired , pleased。,7下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。 cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel

10、often oftener oftenest more often most often strict stricter strictest more strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliest move friendly most friendly,8下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成是不规则的。 good , well better best bad , ill worse worst many much more most little less least far farther farthest further furth

11、est old elder eldest older oldest,9多音节形容词和副词在变为比较级或最高级时,在前边加more,most,也可加less,least,这两种方式所构成的比较级和最高级意思相反。如: Of the two toys , he chose the more expensive . (在两个玩具中,他选择了较贵的那一个。) Of the two toys , he chose the less expensive . (在两个玩具中,他选择了不太贵的那一个。),(三)比较级和最高级前的修饰语 1比较级前的修饰语 如果表示一方超过另一方的程度和具体数量时,可在比较级前

12、加表示程度或数量的词或短语:even , still , much , far , any(用于否定句或疑问句) ,a lot , a great deal , by far , a little , a bit , three times , two metres等。 如: They work even harder than before . The football match was far more interesting than I had expected .,2最高级前的修饰语 最高级前可出现序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means

13、,not really等修饰语。如: This bridge is by far the longest across the river . How much did the second most expensive hat cost?,(四)无比较等级的形容词 有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,所以没有比较级和最高级。如:impossible , right , wrong , perfect , favorite , mistaken等。这些形容词不能被程度副词修饰,但可以被quite(完全地)修饰。如: You are quite right .,(五)常考的含有比较级的句型 1“比较级

14、 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越”。如: Its getting colder and colder . 2“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示“越就越”。如: The sooner you finish the job , the better it is .,高考二轮复习语法系统讲解四、形容词与副词第二课时,主讲人 吴世民,形容词与副词的其他用法 (一)表语形容词 通常只作表语的形容词有:well ,alone ,ashamed ,glad ,sure ,unable ,asleep ,awake , alive ,alike , afraid等。这些形容词一般只能作后置定

15、语,但也可作补语。 上述形容词不能作前置定语,但alive , asleep可作后置定语。如: He is the greatest poet alive .,接第一课时 上节课,我们讲解了形容词和副词的基本用法,这节课我们继续讲解它们的其他用法,(二)倍数表示法 表示倍数的结构有以下几种: 1 .A is three (four , etc .) times/half/one third the size (height , length)of B .如: Their library is twice the size of ours . 2 .A is three (four , etc

16、.)times/half/one third as big (high , long)as B .如: The new bridge is three times as long as the old one . 3 .A is three (four , etc .)times/half/one third bigger (higher , longer)than B .如: Your school is three times bigger than ours .,(三)复合形容词的构成 1形容词词词干 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted(好心的) 2形容词词干 + 形容词词干 red-hot(炽热的),dark-blue(深蓝的) 3形容词词干 + 现在分词 tired-looking(面带倦容的) ordinary-looking(长相一般的),4副词词干 + 现在分词 hard-work

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