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1、New College English Book Two,鞍山科技大学外语系贺青一,Unit Seven,Music,Useful Information I,Music is a universal language. It influences people from all cultures, educational levels, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It relates to our work, our play, and our relationships with one another. It makes is dance, it ca
2、n even help us fall in love. The oldest music is probably vocal music.,Useful Information I,Almost every culture has work songs, lullabies, love songs, and ballads in its folk music. Singing and dancing have always gone together for people of all ages. Eventually instrumental music emerged. Some ins
3、truments, such as the drum, are very old. Other instruments, such as electronic keyboard, are very new. Even the piano is quite new compared to the flute or the lute. Music can be performed individually or in group. Individual vocalist are called soloist. Groups are called duets, trios, quartets, ch
4、oruses, choirs, etc. Instrumental groups are called ensembles, bands, or orchestras.,Useful Information I,Vocalists can perform with instrumental accompaniment, or they may perform a capella（无器乐伴奏地）. The main components of music are melody, harmony, and rhythm. The melody is sometimes called the tun
5、e. It consists of the notes that lead musicians perform in group. Harmony is provided by the supporting musicians, by the extra notes on the keyboard. Rhythm is provided by percussions instruments （打击乐器), by counting the notes in each measure, or by such simple methods as clapping or tapping ones fe
6、et.,Useful Information I,Until the invention of readings, music was usually performed live to small audiences. But now we have tapes and CDs of all sorts, and recorded music is one of the most popular radio formats. With modern technology, live concerts can now be performed with huge audiences in au
7、ditoriums and stadiums. All of these technical innovations have tended to increase the role of music in modern life, and to diversity the nature of music itself. Today we still have opera, classical music and folk music, which are just as influential as ever. Every student of music must be familiar
8、with Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart.,Useful Information I,While every anthropologist should pay some attention to the folk songs of various cultures. But now we also have pop music, rock music, country music, soul music, jazz, blues, and many other kinds. Patriotic music, religious music, and military
9、music are just as important as ever. In addition we now have the movies as a medium for the dissemination of music. Some of the most successful contemporary music, such as the theme song from Titanic, now originates in the movies.,Useful Information I,Space does not permit comparison of many culture
10、s. So lets look at American music( compare this to Chinese music).The earliest American music was folk music brought by British and European people from their homelands. Work songs, love ballads, and religious songs are several types of folk music from the early period. The love songs are often sad,
11、ending in death for one or both lovers. During and after the Civil War new types of songs became popular, such as solider songs and campfire songs. As settlers move westward they took these songs with them and added new words. In the 1890s ragtime (散拍乐) appeared, and helped create jazz. These are un
12、iquely American type of music.,Useful Information I,The 1920s were considered the Jazz Age, during which white composers like George Gershwin borrowed themes from black musicians and created a national musical trend. In the 1930s and 1940s the Big Bands played jazz and swing music, and ballroom danc
13、ing became popular. Meanwhile blue songs and spirituals appealed to the less affluent blacks, and radio stations emerged. Live music on the radio was eventually replaced by recorded music, beginning during World War II when the Big Bands were broken up by military service and gasoline shortages.,Use
14、ful Information I,After the war disk jockeys emerged. Some appealed to whites and featured recordings of the Big Bands or singers like Frank Sinatra. Others appealed to blacks and featured blues and spirituals. In the 1950s disc jockeys discovered a new market: teenagers. For the first time young pe
15、ople had the money of their own to spend on the radio, records, and other entertainments. Elvis Presley took some black blues songs hed heard on the radio, recorded them for whit audiences, and became the first rock star. But the phrase “rock and roll” can be found in earlier black recordings. The 1
16、960s started with rock, but soon folk music made a big comeback.,Useful Information I,Bob Dylan was important in both, and can not be classified as one or the other, popular outside the South, and its popularity is still growing today. But the disco trend of 1970s barely lasted into 1980s. Todays pop music is a mixture of rock, folk, blues, disco, and country. Its often hard to say which is which. Mariah Carey sounds a lot like Whitney Houston, though their musical backgrounds are very different
