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1、初中英语语法-形容词和副词(含练习) 作者： 日期：专题复习-形容词和副词（一）一、 形容词的构成及其用法用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg. Those big moon cakes are delicious. (作表语)Eg. There are many beautiful flowers in the park. (作定语)1. 修饰词尾为-body/-one; -thing不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg. Theres nothing wrong with my bike.Eg. Please g
2、ive me something delicious to eat.Eg. Anybody clever cant do such stupid things.2. 表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：数词+名词+形容词 12 years old/ 8meters long/ 3 meters wide/ 100 kilometers high/ 1.8meters tall Eg. Its a river 6 meters deep. Eg. Thats a road 300 kilometers long. Eg. The young man is 1.8 meters tall.
3、3. 系动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）之后要接形容词Eg. The soup tastes nice.Eg. They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.4. ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别-ed形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing形容词通常用来形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松disappointing /exciting /inter
4、esting /surprising /boring /amazing/ relaxing（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的5. “the +部分形容词” 表示“一类人”the young the old the rich the poor二、 副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1. 单词本身就是副词。例如：often, now, always, then, yesterday, today, much, very, a bit, so, here, there,等
5、2. 大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly; careful-carefully以-y结尾的形容词变-y为-i, 再加lyeasy-easily; busy-busily以le结尾的形容词去掉-e, 再加-yterrible-terribly; gentle-gently以辅音+e结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely; safe-safely以元音+e结尾的形容词去掉-e, 再加-lytrue-truly注意：(1)形容词good的副词形式是well (2)high; fast; late; early等形容词和副
6、词同形 (3)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可爱的)；lively（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；寂寞的）3. enough(足够的；足够地)：当enough修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg: We have enough food to eat.Eg. The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.4. 易混词辨析1）hard和hardlyhard 作“艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副词 hardly 意为“几乎不”，
7、只能作副词 eg. The diamond is very hard. The old man lived a hard life in the past. Mary works very hard, but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works. 2）alone和lonely alone意为“单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实 lonely意为“寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩 eg. The old lady lives alone, but she never feels lonely.课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。1
8、. 忙碌的一天 2. 回家晚 3. 仔细地书写 4. 一本有趣的书 5. 非常喜欢 6. 美丽的花 7. 刚才 8. 立即 9. 九个新学生 10. 静静地坐着 11. 起床早 12. 度长假 13. 快乐的女孩 14. 大大的蓝色眼睛 Task2: 用所给词的正确形式填空.1. Ken is _ in playing football, he thinks football is _.(interest)2. I feel very _ now, doing nothing at home is _.(bore)3. I feel _ at the _ news. (disappoint)4
9、. We will make you _ by the _ hairstyle.(excite)5. You will be _ by reading this _ film.(relax)6. We all felt _ when we heard of the _ news.(surprise)7. I wont feel if I dont find answers. (satisfy)Task3: 单项选择。1. We are . Because his story is not . A. tired; old B. sleepy(欲睡的); interesting C. hungry
10、; delicious D. happy; interesting2. Its very . Please close the door and the windows. A. cold B. hot C. warm D. expensive3. Jack went to school . His parents were angry. A. late B. early C. well D. soon4. The children are sleeping. Please walk . A. fast B. beautifully C. quiet D.quietly5. Tom goes t
11、o the zoo. The dogs there know him. A. soon B. often C. carefully D. kind6. Its summer. Autumn is coming . A. very much B. just now C. tomorrow D. soon7. This river is . A. 500 meter long B. 500 meters long C. 500 long meters D. 500 long meter8. Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pin
12、k dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily9. The question is for you to answer. A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D. easily enough10. The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide11. I have to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something12. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. Because I can
