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1、第八讲定语从句和名词性从句 定语从句 句子结构细辨别 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用 1(2017全国卷 )But Sarah ，_ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. who 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用who。 2(2017浙江卷6 月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kit
2、chen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _ it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. where 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的the garden ，故填 where。 3(2017天津卷)My eldest son，_ work takes him all over the world， is in New York at the moment. whose 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语
3、从句，并在从句中作work 的定语，故用whose。 4(2017全国卷 )Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments._ they that/which解析：分析句子结构可知，things后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作 主语，指物，应用that 或 which 。 通关点击 _ 原则这样解读 1高考对定语从句的考查集中在对关系代词、关系副词的选用上，故分清句子结构，搞清 定语从句部分
4、缺少何种成分至关重要。 (1) 当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(指人 )/that(指人或 物)/which(指物 )/whom( 指人 )/whose( 指人或物 ) 。 The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house. 昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。 The school shop，whose customers are mainly students， is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 She showed the visitors
5、 around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2) 当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用when，where， why。 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school. 我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weathe
6、r and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。 2注意以下几点： (1) 定语从句中用that不用 which 的情况： 当先行词是all ，any，anything ，everthing，nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时； 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时； 当先行词被the only，the very，the same ，the last等修饰时； 当先行词既有人又有物时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was
7、someone else s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 They will never forget the persons and things that they ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (2) 判定定语从句部分关系词的“四步走”策略： 首先找出先行词和定语从句，然后把先行词与定语从句组成一个句意完整、结构完整的句子 ( 可增加介词 ) ；接着分析组成的句子中先行词( 包括加入的介词) 在句中充当什么成分；最后 依据关系代词或关系副
8、词在句中充当的成分填入合适的关系词。 限制非限要分清 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用 1(2017北京卷)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. that/which 解析：所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，先行词为The little problems ，因此用that 或 which 。 2(2016全国卷 )Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， _ lived fro
9、m roughly 551 to 479 B C., influenced the development of chopsticks. who 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。 3(2017浙江瑞安第一次四校联考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. as 解析：句意为：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。 此处 as 引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。 4
10、(2017全国卷 )In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house._ that which解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主 语，指代their garden，应用 which 。 5(2017石家庄检测一)Also, I think it s helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that
11、tourists can leave messages._ that where解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行 词为 boards ，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导该定语从句。 通关点击 _ 原则这样解读 1定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，如果在先行词的后面出现逗号的，即为非限制性 定语从句。 (1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。 Tom failed again in the match，which was a great pity. 汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这
12、是一个非常大的遗憾。 2as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 as 和 which 都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。as 在句中的位置比较灵活，意 为“正如，正像”；which 只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点”。 The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didn t help. 母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。 “You can t judge a book by its cover， ”as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相”。 3在限制性定语
13、从句中，充当宾语的that/whom/which不与介词直接连用时可省略，但在 非限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词不能省略。 介宾结构记心中 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用 1(2016浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved. which 解析：句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪，科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得 到过证明。 先行词为theories， 将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of the theories has be
14、en proved. ，由此可见先行词( 指“物” ) 在定语从句中作介词of 的宾语， 且介词 of 已被提前， 故答案为which 。 2(2016江苏卷)Many young people, most of _ were well - educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. whom 解析： 句意： 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好 的 教 育 。 先 行 词 为young people ， 指 人 ， 将 先 行 词 代 入 定 语 从 句 后 为 ： Most of the_y
15、oung_people were well-educated.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of 的宾 语，故答案为whom 。 3(2015重庆卷 )He wrote many children s books， nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. which 解析：此题的先行词是children s books，指物，因此关系词用which 。 此处是“代 词介词 which”型的非限制性定语从句。 4(2017湖北八校第一次联考)Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later._ whichw
