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1、Professional-related Engineering,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Fresh water is a fundamental resource, integral to all environmental and societal processes. Fresh water is a fundamental resource是主句， integral to，修饰限定fundamental resource。 对于整个环境和社会过程而言,淡水都是一种基础资源。,Unit 2 The world fresh water r
2、esource,Water is critical component of ecological cycles. 水是生态循环的关键组分。 Aquatic ecosystems harbor diverse species and offer many valuable services. harbor，vt.隐匿，窝藏，庇护 diverse，不同的，多种多样的 水生态系统养护着很多的物种，同时提供许多有价值的服务。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Human beings require water to run industries, to p
3、rovide energy, and to grow food. 人类需要水，使工厂运转，提供能源，生产食物。 In order to mobilize water for human needs, we build huge reservoirs to store water for dry periods and to hold back flood waters; 为了使水能够满足人们的需求，我们修建了大型水库，以为干旱时期储存水和蓄积洪水。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,we build aqueducts to transport wat
4、er thousands of kilometers from water-rich to water-poor regions; 我们修建渠道，把水从水量充足的地方输送到几千公里以外缺水的地方。 we burn oil to generate electricity to desalinate salt water in arid regions; 我们燃烧石油用来发电，用于干旱地区的盐水淡化处理。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,and we dream of towing icebergs from the polar regions and
5、of reversing the flow of massive rivers. 我们梦想着从极地拖动冰山，让大河逆流。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Harsh realities intrude on these dreams. intrude on，入侵，闯入，打扰 严酷的事实打碎了这些梦。 As we approach the 21st century we must now acknowledge that many of our efforts to harness water have been inadequate or misdi
6、rected. Harness，vt.利用,征服 随着我们迈进21世纪，我们必须认识到，我们为了征服水而做的许多努力都是不适当的或错误的。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,We remain ignorant of the functioning of basic hydrologic processes. 我们对基本水文过程的功能仍然无知。 Rivers, lakes, and ground water aquifers are increasingly contaminated with biological and chemical waste
7、s. ground water，地表水 生物和化学废物对河流、湖泊和地表水层的污染一直在加深。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Vast numbers of people lack clean drinking water and rudimentary sanitation services. 很多的人缺乏洁净的饮用水和基本的卫生设施服务。 Millions of people die every year from water-related diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and cholera. 每年有
8、数百万的人死于由水引起的疾病，如疟疾、伤寒和霍乱。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Massive water developments have destroyed many of the worlds most productive wetlands and other aquatic habitats. 大规模的水的开发已经损害了世界上许多最富于生产力的湿地和其它的水生栖息地环境。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,The ec
9、onomic and hydrologic resources for major new irrigation projects cannot be found. 大多数农田水利项目所需要的经济和水资源无法找到。 And expected changes in global climatic conditions will alter future water supply, demand, and quality. 继期望改变全球气候条件之后,将是对水源、水量和水质改变的期望。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Hindu and Buddhist
10、 traditions place mythical Mount Meru the dwelling place of the godsat the center of the universe. Hindu and Buddhist traditions 印度教与佛教传说 在印度教和佛教传说中，神居住在宇宙的中心神秘的Meru山上。 Here originate the rivers of the earth, including the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra. 所以地球河流的起源包括印度河、恒河和布拉马普特拉河（雅鲁藏布江）。,Uni
11、t 2 The world fresh water resource,In early Christian tradition, the waters of the earth originate in the fountains of the Garden of Eden, which divide into the worlds great streams: the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Indus, and the Ganges. Which指代前文的waters。 早期的耶督教传说中，地球上的水来自于伊甸园的泉水；这些水又分流世界上的
12、各大河流：尼罗河、底格里斯河、幼发拉底河、印度河和恒河。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,These myths arise in part from the sacred role of water in sustaining life, and in part from our ignorance of the functioning of the global water cycle. 这些神话的出现，一方面是因为水在维持生命中的重要作用，还因为人们对于地球水循环功能的无知。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resou
13、rce,By the end of the 20th century, our understanding of the stocks, flows, and condition of global water resources is still distressingly imperfect. 20世纪末期，我们对全球水资源存储、流动、和条件的理解仍然是很不完美的。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,The International Hydrological Decade, coordinated by the United Nations Ed
14、ucational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), beginning in the mid 1960s, was successful in elucidating many unknown aspects of the global hydrological cycle and some of the best references on global water resources still date from that period. 始于20世纪60年代中期的“国际水文学十年”活动，由联合国教科文组织协调，对全球水循
15、环中尚不清楚的原理进行了成功阐述，同时还介绍了当时有关地球水资源方面最好的文献书目。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Unfortunately, with the exception of the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade from 1981 to 1990, there has been little follow-up on understanding and solving critical water issues, an
16、d much of the momentum of that earlier period has been lost. 不幸的是，除去1981-1990年的“联合国国际饮用水供给和卫生十年”的活动外，对于认识和解决重要水问题的后续活动很少，以前的对于这方面的动力也已经没有了。,Unit 2 The world fresh water resource,Samuel taylor Coleridge (17721834), in his classic poem “The rime of the Ancient Mariner”, effectively described the principal characteristic of the earths water resources when he wrote, “water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink”. Samuel taylor Coleridge在他著名的诗词“古老水手”中写到：
