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1、Unit-Who-Are-You-and-What-You-Are-Doing-Here 作者： 日期：Unit 1Who Are You and What You Are Doing HereMark EdmundsonStructure of the TextPart I (Paras. 1-2) The speaker begins his speech by congratulating the students because their successful entry into the university has been achieved in spite of the me
2、ss the country is in. Thus he sets the tone of his speech: critical of the society in general, and its education in particular.Part II (Paras. 3-4)In these two paragraphs the speaker advises the students what they must do to get a real education. He calls on them to get ready to fight the institutio
3、n. Part III (Paras. 5-7)The speaker recalls how his father helped him make up his mind about what he should do at university.Part IV (Paras. 8-18)In this part the speaker indicates what he considers to be the problems existing within the various groups making up the university: students, professors,
4、 and administrators. Part V (Paras. 19-23)The speaker describes how university authorities define the aims of education so that they do not include the substantial content of the courses and the soul-making of students.Part VI (Paras. 24-29) In this section, the speaker warns students against the in
5、fluence of their parents and friends, teachers and counselors, religious leaders and conservative thinkers. They may all be useful, but they may all be wrong about who you are. Part VII (Paras. 30-34)In this section, the speaker tells students how to find out who they really are and what they really
6、 want to do with their lives. He believes that the place to do that is at university, the time to start is now, and the best method is to read great authors. Then he goes on to describe his own experience to show how he has benefited from reading.Part VIII (Paras. 35-38)In this part, the speaker sum
7、s up his suggestions as how students can get a real education.Part IX(Paras. 39-40)In this last part, the author ends with the idea that education is about each students finding out what form of work is close to being playwork he does so easily that it restores him as he goes. It will bring out his
8、best qualities, his imagination, devotion, passion, and determination. Detailed Analysis of the Text 1. Its been said that raising a child effectively takes a village: Well, as you may have noticed, our American village is not in very good shape. (Para. 2) There is an old saying that it takes the co
9、llective effort of a whole village to raise a child properly, that is, the whole village is responsible for the healthy upbringing of a child.our American village is not in very good shape: Note that the speaker is talking about any traditional American village? He is using the word village in a met
10、aphorical sense, taking it to mean the country.2. Weve got guns, drugs, two wars, fanatical religions, a slime-based popular culture, and some politicians whoa little restraint herearent what they might be. (Para. 2)Some of the problems of the United States the author mentioned in the sentence:Guns:
11、 meaning the lack of gun control and the atrocious crimes due to easy access to firearmsDrugs: referring to drug abuse and drug-related crimestwo wars: the war in Afghanistan and the war in Iraqfanatical religions: referring to extreme fundamentalist sects and cult religions.a slime-based popular cu
12、lture: culture that employs sex and violence to appeal to peoples basest instincts some politicians: The speaker probably wants to say “some politicians who are loathsome and disgusting”, but he checks himself and decides to use understatement; “who arent what they might be” is less offensive and mo
13、re effective than blunt accusation.a little restraint here: 我这里也许应该说得稍稍克制一点（不要太刻薄）The speaker says this to show that he is making a conscious effort not to be too outspoken.Note that an understatement can not only have a humorous effect when used properly, it can also very often be stronger than a p
14、lain matter-of-fact statement. Compare:I dont know how to describe him. Let me put it this way: honesty is not his strong point.Before long, she discovered that the man she married was not what she thought he was.Note: We can sense that the author is deeply concerned about social problems and the si
15、tuation the country is in; politically his attitude is very critical on many issues. He can be classified as a liberal, knows it and is proud of it. He is also witty and his lecture will not be pompous.3. To merely survive in this American village and to win a place in the entering class has taken a lot of grit on your part. So, yes, congratulations to all. (Para. 2)You need to have a lot of courage and determination to survive in this country and manage to enter college. You have done both. Therefore I congratulate you.4. Quest
