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1、VIROLOGY 176,306-307 (1990) Recommendations of the Coronavirus Study Group for the Nomenclature of the Structural Proteins, mRNAs, and Genes of Coronaviruses D. CAVANAGH,* D. A. BRIAN, L. ENJUANES, K. V. HOLMES, M. M. C. L,N, H. LAUDE, S. G. SIDDELL, W. SPAAN, F. TAGUCHI, AND P. J. TALBOT” Division
2、of Molecular Biology, AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Houghton Laboratory, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE 17 2DA, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845; Centro de Biologia Molecular (CSIC- UAM), Universidad Autonoma, Canto Blanco, 28049
3、 Madrid, Spain; 4Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 430 1 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 208 14-4799; Department of Microbiology, USC School of Medicine, 20 11 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033- 1054; =INRA, Station de Recherches de Virolo
4、gie et dlmmunologie Moleculaire, Centre de Recherches de Jouy-en-Josas, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas. France; Institut ffir Virologie und lmmunbiologie der Universitat Wiirzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 8700 Wtirzburg. West Germany; Institute of Infectious Disease National Institute of Neur
5、oscience, NCNP, 4-l- 1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira. Tokyo 187. Japan; and “lnstitut Armand-Frappier, Universite du Quebec, Virology Research Centre, Ville de Laval, Quebec, Canada H7N 423 Received November 22, 1989; accepted November 28, 1989 We propose a nomenclature to replace the various systems curren
6、tly in use to designate coronavirus structural proteins, mRNAs, and genes/open reading frames. The nonstructural proteins have not been addressed. o isso Aca- demic Press, Inc. Several names are currently used to refer to each of the three or four structural proteins of coronaviruses, with correspon
7、ding and different acronyms. Similarly, the mRNAs (reviewed in Refs. (1) and (2) have been referred to by numbers or by letters. Finally, the genes/ open reading frames (ORFs) have been designated by different authors in several different ways. To overcome the confusion thus created, the Coro- navir
8、us Study Group of the Vertebrate Virus Subcom- mittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has reviewed the situation. At the Fourth Inter- national Symposium on Coronaviruses, held in July 1989 at Kings College, Cambridge, England, the Group recommended a revised nomenclature to be
9、 used for all coronaviruses. The guidelines that have been formulated, if followed, will allow for newly identi- fied mRNAs, genes, or ORFs to be named without cre- ating confusion. The Study Group considered it inap- propriate to make recommendations regarding pro- teins that are believed to be non
10、structural because at the moment information is limited. STRUCTURAL PROTEINS The recommended acronyms for the structural pro- teins are shown in Table 1. The virion proteins have recently been reviewed (2). *To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. The large surface projection (spike or pe
11、plomer gly- coprotein) has previously been referred to as S (3) or E2 (4). The acronym S may be used to denote the primary translation product and generally to refer to the spike glycoprotein. In some, though not all, coronaviruses, S is cleaved into two glycopolypeptides, the amino (N)- terminal Sl
12、 (E2B) and the carboxy(terminal S2 (E2A) glycopolypeptides (the previous alternative acronyms are shown in parentheses (5). The hemagglutinin-es- terase (HE) glycoprotein has frequently been referred to by its approximate molecular weight, i.e., about 65,000 and 140,000 in its reduced and nonreduced
13、 forms, respectively, and more recently by the acro- nyms E3, H, and HA. Some of the coronaviruses do not possess a gene for HE, while some strains of others have an incomplete HE gene which is not expressed. Those coronaviruses which cause hemagglutination but do not have the HE protein (e.g., infe
14、ctious bronchi- tis virus (IBV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus) have only poor hemagglutination activity. In contrast, those viruses with good hemagglutination activity do have the HE protein, although the presence of HE does not necessarily mean that the virus causes hemagglutina- tion (e.g.,
15、 some strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV). The HE of MHV exhibits amino acid homology with the HEF, subunit of the influenza C virus surface glycopro- tein (6). It has been shown that the HE of bovine coro- 0042.6822/90 $3.00 CopyrIght 0 1990 by Academic Press, Inc All rights of reproduction I”
16、any form resewed. 306 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 307 navirus is a receptor-destroying enzyme with acetyles- terase activity (7). The Study Group has recommended that the integral membrane glycoprotein, M (previously also designated El (4) should not be referred to as a matrix protein. The structure of this protein is substantially different from that of the matrix proteins of para- and orthomyxo- viruses. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is sometimes re- ferred to as the nucleoprot
