全国高考英语短文改错破题技巧

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1、2014高考英语短文改错破题技巧一、解题思路(三步解题法):第一步、快速浏览全文,把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。第二步、细读文章的每一句话。一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来做题。第三步、代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文,看其是否通顺。二、出题规律以及破解关键:1.动词:(1)主要考察能力:时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。(2)出题形式:时态混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。讲解:

2、很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can改为could。主谓不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。讲解:原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数,所以应该把were改为was。固定搭配ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。讲解:give up doing sth。因此动词somke应该改为somking。2.名词:(1)主要考察能力:单复数混用。(2)出题形式:单复

3、数混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。讲解:“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,应此应该把year改为years。注意:代词单复数混用类似。As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。讲解:显然因该把them改为it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说,我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。3.形

4、容词/副词(1)主要考察能力:两者之间是否混用。(2)出题形式:形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词,该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。讲解:很明显“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, s

5、he began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。讲解:原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时,她开始兴奋地叫道-,显然应把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。4.介词(1)主要考察能力:(特别是与动词的)固定搭配。(2)出题形式:介词省略ie, Im surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。讲解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思为“摆脱,除去”介词多余i

6、e,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。讲解:这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子,而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。讲解:pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思;pick up捡起的意思。5.连词(1)主要考察能力:前后两句话之

7、间的衔接关系。常考三种关系:but转折and并列because原因ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 讲解:显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”,所以应该把but改为because/as/for。擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but i

8、mprove their English if they are talking with native speakers. 讲解:原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天,学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点,并且如果他们同外国人交谈,能够提高他们的英语(论坛)水平。”所以前后句之间是并列关系,因该把but改为and贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。6.句式(1)主要考察能力:常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。(2)出题形式:ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 讲解:原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自

9、己想做的事情”,很明显应该把that改为what。注意:这一形式是改错常考点。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 讲解:原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子,这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语,所以应该把which改为what。蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。7. 冠词(1)主要考察能力:句中冠词是否多余(2)出题形式:冠词多余ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 ocl

10、ock, when the game just began. 讲解:区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”,即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面,比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面,比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。買鲷鴯

11、譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。冠词遗漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解:at an - age固定搭配词组,表示“出于-年龄”,比如说at an early/tender age,可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。8.代词(1)主要考察能力:代词是否多余,以及与反身代词之间的混用。(2)出题形式:代词多余ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure

12、 you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解:lose heart:become discouraged泄气;丧失勇气;而lose ones heart(to sb/st):fall in love爱上;钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差,离题千里。驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。代词混用ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any diffi

13、culty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中,彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难,其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。注意:the other表示两者之中“另一个”;the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。代词遗漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。 锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。动词(

14、1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为 lay,lie 表示“躺”时,其过去时是 lay)(全国卷)構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改为 seen,因为从含义上看,此处谓语应用被动语态)(全国卷)輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为 kept,因此处要用被动语态)(全国卷)尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。(4) and

15、let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因从句意上看,此处要用被动语态)(全国卷)识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改为 come,由句意可知)(全国卷)凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词)(全国卷)恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。(7) Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根据句意此处应加 be / become)(全国卷)鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。(8) What your favourite sport?(what 后加 is 或将 Wha

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