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1、现在完成时（一）概念1过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或过去已经开始，持续到现在的动 作或状态（二）动词构成：主语 +have/has动词的过去分词现在完成时的句子结构：肯定句形式：主语+ have/has+v过去分词+其它否定句形式：主语+haven thasn + 动词的过去分词+其它。一般疑问句形式：Have / Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其它？（三）动词的过去分词变化规则（和动词过去式变化规则相同）1规则动词（和动词过去式变化规则相同）eg. finish-finished finishedlive-lived-livedcarry-carried carriedstop s
2、topped-stopped2不规则动词（靠死记）eg.go went gonesee-saw seenforget forgot-forgotten（四）常见的标志词1. ever（曾经）,never （从没），yet （用于否定句中表“还”，用于一般疑问句 中表“已经”），already （已经）（肯定句变一般疑问句时，already要变为yet）, recently （近来） ，in recent years （近年来），in the past two years（在过去两年里），just （刚），for +段时间 （多久）如如: for five years 五年 ，since+寸间（
3、自从.以来）如:since 1992自从 佃92年以来，since+ 一般过去时句子（自从 ）如：since he left chongqing自从他离开重庆Eg: 1.Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗？2ve never traveled by air.我从未乘飞机去旅行过3have already written to her.我已经给她写信了。4.She hasn t come back yet.他还没回来。5. Have you finished your homework yet?你已经完成作业了吗?6. They havejust
4、sent me a care他 们刚给我送了一张卡片。7. China has great changed in the past 20 years . 中国在过去20年发生很大的变化。8. Kangkang has lived here for 3 years.康康在这儿住了三年9. Kangkang has lived here since 3 years ag康康自从三年前就住在这10. Kangkang has lived here since he came to China康康自从来到中国就住在这儿。（五）特别注意：1. just （刚）是现在完成时的标志词just now （刚才
5、）是一般过去时的标志词2. in the past + 一段时间（在过去多少年里）是现在完成时的标 志词in the past （在过去）是一般过去时的标志词3. 1） for +段时间for two weeks/ for three years2）since +过去的某一时刻since two years ago /since 1995 / since last month3）since + 一般过去时态的时间状语从句since she left/since we visitedhim4）for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间对 for和 since所引导的线部分提问都用 How
6、longEg:1.He has been away for a week.How long has he been away?2. He has been away since last week.How long has he been away?3. Kangkang has lived here since he came to ChinaHow long has kangkang lived here ?4. 与表示过去的具体时间连用 （last +时间名词，一段时间+ago, yesterday, in 1985 , just now, in the past等）的词只能用一般过去时
7、。注：现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用，5. ”when”引导的疑问句不能用现在完成时，只能用其他时态，根据语境判断用 一般现在时、一般将来时或一般过去时等Eg: 1.Have you finished your homework yet ?Yes , I C last night .（是一般过去时的标志词）A. finish B. have finished C. finished D. would finish2. When _D in Bei
8、jing ?He has lived there for ten years .A.does he live B. has he livedC. will he live D. did he live（六）.区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.1）英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂 性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的 动词。女口： work,read,write,study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成,不能延续的动词。如： borrow, begin, leave, come, go, buy, diejoir等。表示短暂性（瞬 间性
9、）的动词不能与 for + 段时间，since +时间，since + 般过去时句子，how long 连用.I have bought this pen for two months.（错）I have had this pen for two months. （对） How long have you borrowed this pen? （错） How long have you kept this pen? （对） The play has begun for an hour.（错）The play has been on for an hour.（对）2）短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间
10、的时间状语连用，但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.常见转换如下：（划线的必须记）主要用于单项选择和同义句转换 短暂性动词原形短暂性动词过去式转化为延续动词的现在完成形式buy have(boughthave/has had)买borrow keep(borrowed-have/haskept)借进die be dead(diedhave/hasbeendead )死finish -be over(finished-have/hasbeenover )结束begin be on(begun -have/has been on )开始leave be away (from) (left-have/
11、hasbeenaway (from)离开close-be closed(closedhave/has been closed ) 关open-be open(openedhave/has been open )开join the army -be a soldier ( joined the army -have/has been a solider/have/has been in the army)力口入军队Join the Party -je a Party member (joined the party -have/has been aparty member)参加晚会come/go
12、 /becom be(came /went /became-have/has bee n)来 /去 / 成为go to school-be a student (went to school -have/has been a student/ have/has been inschool去上学marry be married(married-have/has been married) 结婚come back - be back,(came backhave/has been back )回来catch(get) a cold -havea cold(caught a coldhave/has
13、 been acold）患感冒arrive/get/go/come here-be here (arrived/got/went/came here-have/has been here )到达/去/来 这里eg:1. How long C the book ?A. have you boughtB. have you borrowedC. have you keptD.did you buy2.HeCBeijingfor three days .A.hasarrivedinB. has gone toC. hasbeen inD.has left3.ThedogDsince two week
14、s ago .A. diedB.hasdiedC. dies D.has been dead同义句转换。4.1)We leftshanghailast year .We have away from shanghai for a year .2) The movie begun two hours ago .The movie has been on since two hours ago .3) He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago4) I borrowed the book a w
15、eek ago.I have kept the book for a week .5) We bought the book three years ago.We have had the book for three years.6重点句型的相互转换：以下六种句子可相互转换It is +段时间+ since从句=It has been + 段时间 + since 从句=一段时间 + has passed + since 从句eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.=He has been dead for two years=He has been dead since two years ago =It is two years since he died.=It has been two years since he died
