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1、Unit5 Art and Culture3Coffee Culture“Give me a decaf triple vente, 2 pump vanilla, non-fat, extra hot, stirred, no foam caramel macchiato（n. 黑糖玛奇朵）with whip cream and caramel sauce top and bottom.”矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。 If you happen to be standing in one of the ubiquitous(adj. 普遍存在的)Starbucks or Coffee Bean c
2、hains in the US, chances are pretty good you might hear someone order something like this. The advent of big business coffee powerhouses like Starbucks has transformed coffee-drinking into an extremely popular and profitable industry that is quickly spreading across the globe. Like other successful
3、consumer-oriented businesses with a stranglehold on modern culture (iPod and Google come to mind), big coffeehouse businesses have made their product increasingly user-friendly, highly customizable, and readily accessible to people all around the world.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。Coffee has a history dating back to
4、at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and eras. Originally discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th century. Muslim merchants event
5、ually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company was popularizing the beverage in En
6、gland. Coffee spread across Europe and even reached America.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffeehouse. From the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear recitations from works of literature, to ParisCafle Proc
7、ope（普洛科普 ；普格堡 ；伯咖啡馆）where luminaries（n. 发光体；杰出人物，luminary的复数）of the French 酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。咖啡文化“给我一杯热的、无咖啡因和泡沫的香草糖浆脱脂加奶油浓缩式焦糖玛奇朵咖啡。”（注释：decafn. 无咖啡因咖啡，ventevt. （法语）销售）如果你碰巧在随处可见的星巴克或者香啡缤之类的咖啡连锁店附近，你会经常听见有人这样点咖啡。像星巴克这样的大型商业咖啡连锁店的出现已经将传统的咖啡饮品转变成一种盈利的流行产业，并且在全世界范围内迅速发展。不同于其他的一些以消费者为导向的知名成功产业束缚了现代文化的发展（马上就想到
8、了iPod和Google），大型商业咖啡连锁店使他们的产品更具亲和力、更适合消费者、更接近全球大众。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。(注释：stranglehold n. 束缚；勒颈)咖啡的历史可以追溯到9世纪，并被看成是一种超越文化和时代限制、促进社会交往的催化剂。最初埃塞俄比亚人发现了咖啡豆，阿拉伯商人将其带往中东地区，并在15世纪传播到埃及、也门、波斯、土耳其和北非。接着穆斯林商人把这些豆子带往繁荣的港口城市威尼斯，并将其卖给富有的意大利商人。很快，荷兰引进咖啡豆并在爪哇、锡兰（大多是奴隶劳动）等地开始种植。大不列颠东印度贸易公司将这种饮料在英国普及开来。经过这一系列的不断传播和发展，咖啡遍及欧洲
9、，并最终来到美国。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。（注释：beveragen. 饮料）哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡屋。从15世纪人们聚集在一起听歌、下棋、讲述文学作品的中东地区，到法国启蒙运动中的文化名人聚集的巴黎普洛各普咖啡馆，比如伏尔泰、卢梭、狄德罗就曾经来这里品尝热咖啡，咖啡馆自古以来就是一个供人们休息、聊天、交流思想和进行社会交往的中心。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。Enlightenment（n. 教化；启迪；启蒙运动）such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have trad
10、itionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas. 茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espresso （n. （用汽加压煮出的浓咖啡）and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of Italian-American immigrant co
11、mmunities in major US cities such as New York Citys Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Bostons North End, and San Franciscos North Beach. New York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 1950s. It wasnt long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coff
12、ee shops as part of a thriving counterculture scene. The Seattle-based Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream culture.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many communities, they have noticeably adapted to the ti
13、mes. Rediscovering their purpose as centers of information exchange and communication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet access and newspapers. It has become extremely common to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her laptop. C
14、offee stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and soft-lighting combine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from home.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。Today, big business retail coffee shops are expan
15、ding quickly all over the world. Starbucks alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add more. Despite its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a blood-sucking corporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of business through unfair practices. This has even
16、 spawned an anti-corporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains. Increasingly popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff competition. In any case, it seems pretty clear thatcoffee has weaved itself into the fabric of our consumer-oriented culture.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。现代咖啡馆借鉴意大利咖啡馆的浓缩咖啡和圆心馅馅饼模式，以至于在很多美国的大城市出现了一系列意
