《腹部超声教学材料》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《腹部超声教学材料（57页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Abdominal Sonography,腹部超声,2,Also known as -Abdominal ultrasound (US) scanning -Abdominal US imaging -Abdominal ultrasonography -Abdominal ultrasound,3,About the course,5,What is Abdominal Sonography?,Abdominal sonography is a method of obtaining images of internal organs by sending high-frequency so
2、und waves into the body. The reflected sound waves are returned as echoes. The echoes are then recorded and displayed as a real-time visual image. Since ultrasound images are captured in real-time they have the ability to show movement of internal tissues, liver function, and blood flow.,6,Ultrasono
3、graphy is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. An abdominal ultrasonography produces a picture of the organs and other structures in the upper abdomen.,What is Abdominal Sonography?,7,A Doppler ultrasound study may be part of an abdominal ultrasound
4、 examination. Doppler ultrasound is a special ultrasound technique that evaluates blood as it flows through a blood vessel, including the bodys major arteries and veins in the abdomen, arms, legs and neck.,What is Abdominal Sonography?,8,What is an Abdominal Sonogram?,An abdominal sonogram can help
5、to diagnose a variety of conditions and to assess damage caused by illness. Liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys will be evaluated during an abdominal sonogram. Various reasons are: abdominal pain, abnormal lab results, and enlarged abdominal organs.,9,What is an Abdominal Sonogram?,An
6、abdominal sonographer will be required to image small body parts as well. These parts include: thyroid gland, testicles, breast, and various soft tissue of body parts. Doctors can also use abdominal sonography to guide them as they perform needle biopsies on abdominal organs.,10,What are some common
7、 uses of the procedure?,-Kidneys -Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas -Spleen -Abdominal aorta and other blood vessels,Abdominal ultrasound imaging is performed to evaluate the:,11,What are some common uses of the procedure?,Abdominal pains Abnormal liver function Enlarged abdominal organ Abnormalities in
8、the abdomen :gallstones, liver cirrhosis, cyst, tumor, etc. An aneurysm in the aorta,12,What are some common uses of the procedure?,Doppler ultrasound images can help the physician to see and evaluate:,Blockages to blood flow (blood clots/atherosclerotic plaque) Narrowing of vessels (which may be ca
9、used by plaque) Tumors and congenital malformation,血凝块/动脉粥样硬化斑块,13,What are some common uses of the procedure?,Guide invasive procedures such as needle biopsy and withdrawal of fluid,14,How would patients prepare?,（）wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing （）barium enema or upper GI (gastrointestina
10、l) tests,钡餐灌肠 上消化道检查,15,For a study of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas, patient may be asked to eat a fat-free meal on the evening before the test and then to avoid eating for 8 to 12 hours before the test. For ultrasound of the kidneys, may be asked to drink 4 to 6 glasses of water abo
11、ut an hour before the test to fill your bladder. may be asked to avoid eating for eight to 12 hours before the test to avoid gas buildup in the intestines. For ultrasound of the aorta, you may need to avoid eating for eight to 12 hours before the test.,How would patients prepare?,16,In case of an em
12、ergency, exams can be done without special preparations. Tell the sonographer, sonologist, or physician conducting the examination about pain, bleeding, or any other symptoms. Telling the examiner about past ultrasounds and surgeries is helpful, and sometimes provides crucial information. （重要信息）,How
13、 would patients prepare?,17,How does the procedure work?,You will be positioned on an examination table and made to lie down on your back and lay your hands above your head. It may become necessary to change positions during the exam, and lie down on your side or sit up. A lubricating gel（甘油凝胶/耦合剂）
14、is applied to the patients abdominal area.,18,How does the procedure work?,An apparatus known as a transducer is placed on the abdominal area and moved around to get real time images. Sometimes you will have to breathe in and hold your breath according to the technologist, sonologist, or physicians
15、instructions. Examinations usually take 10-30 minutes.,19,Small structure-higher-frequency linear array Abdomen-curved/linear/array Echocardiography-sector Obstetric therefore ultrasound is not an ideal imaging technique for the bowel or organs obscured by the bowel. In most cases, barium exams, CT
16、scanning, and MRI are the methods of choice in this setting.,24,What are the limitations of Abdominal USG?,Ultrasound waves do not pass through air; therefore an evaluation of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine may be limited. Intestinal gas may also prevent visualization of deeper structures such as the pancreas and aorta. Large patients are more difficult to image because tissue attenuates (weakens) the sound waves as they pass deeper into the bod
