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1、定语从句 关系代词用法讲解,思考问题,1. 定语从句在复合句中有何作用？被定语从句修饰的词叫什么？ 2. 引导定语从句的关系词称为关系代词或关系副词。其中，关系代词有哪些？ 3. 关系词有何作用？ 4. 在什么情况下宜用who引导定语从句？,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),一、关系代词的用法,1. who指人，在从句中作主语。 2. whom指人， 在从句中作宾语， 在口语及非正式文体中常省略。 3. that多指物，有时也指人。在从句中作主语或宾语，有时作表语。作宾语时常省略。 4. which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常省略。 5. whose可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。 6.
2、 as指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 当先行词被the same，as，such等修饰时，多用as引导。,whose是所有格形式，指物时，可以与of which互换，但要注意它与名词的位置关系。,当先行词被the same修饰时， 有时也可用that引导定语从句，但表达的意思不同。,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),二、关系代词that与which在使用上的区别,一般情况下，如先行词是物时，that与which都可用来引导定语从句，但也有例外。,1. 先行词前面有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,2. 先行词是all，much，none，something，anything，everything， no
3、thing， the one等时,3. 当先行词被the only， the very (正好)， few， little， all等修饰时,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),二、关系代词that与which在使用上的区别,一般情况下，如先行词是物时，that与which都可用来引导定语从句，但也有例外。,4. 先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句,5. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,6. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个则用that,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),二、关系代词that与which在使用上的区别,一般情况下，如先行词是物
4、时，that与which都可用来引导定语从句，但也有例外。,7. 当先行词在主句中作be的表语，或关系代词本身作从句的表语时,特别提醒,先行词是the way，用that引导定语从句，也可用in which或省略引导词。,不能用that引导定语从句的情况： 1. 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that 2. 关系代词前有介词时，不使用that,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),三、关系代词that与who在使用上的区别,关系代词that与who都可以指代人且在从句中既可作主语， 也可作宾语。 但在以下几种情况只能用who:,1. 关系代词是指人的those，one ，anyone, no one ,n
5、obody等时,2. 主句是there be结构， 且先行词是指人时,3. 先行词是I， you， he， they (常在谚语中) 等,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),四、关系代词as与which在使用上的区别,1. 位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首，也可放在主句中或主句后；而which只能位于主句后。,2. 意义不同。as (正如，就像) 表示符合人们认识事物的习惯等；而当从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which。,语法归纳,定语从句 (一),五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句紧跟先行词后， 同先行词之间一般不加逗号， 仅修饰先行词。 可以用关系代词或关系副词引导。,非限
6、制性定语从句仅作补充或说明， 用逗号与主句隔开， 既可修饰先行词， 又可修饰整个主句， 不可用that引导。,判断下列关系词是否能省略,1. I know the man who is standing there. 2. I have read the book whose name is Time. 3. I want to visit the place which has a long history. 4. The woman who can speak Russian got the job. 5. The man who everyone likes is kind. 6. Th
7、e woman whom we saw got the job. 7. The boy whom you want to talk to is in the lab. 8. Can you lend me the book which you talked about last night. 9. A plane is a machine that can fly.,Practice:,1.The first place _interested me was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. that C. what D. in which,B,2.Do yo
8、u know the man _? whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke,C,3.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all which C. that D. which,A,4.This is one of the best films _ this year. that have shown B. that have been shown C. which has shown D. which have been shown,B,5.Is ther
9、e anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose,D,7.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who,6.The letter is from my sister, _ is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who,D,6.The letter is from my
10、sister, _ tells us a piece of good news in it. A. which B. that C. whom D. who,A,C,8. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are,C,The man has retired. The man is mending the machine.,The man who is mending the machine has retired.,2. We are travel
11、ing to Kunming. It is also called the Spring City.,We are traveling to Kunming, which is also called the Spring City.,3. I lost the watch. Lucy gave me the watch as a gift.,I lost the watch that Lucy gave me as a gift,Join them into one sentence,选词填空,1. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together
12、in the countryside. 2. This is the best book _ I have ever read. 3. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 4. _ is known to us all, China is becoming stronger and stronger. 5. He _ laughs last laughs best.,who， whom， whose， that， which， as,which/that,t
13、hat,which,As,who,选词填空,6. The boy _ I am looking after is my brothers son. 7. We must help those _ need help. 8. I met a boy _ father was an astronaut. 9. He has a book the cover of _ is very beautiful. 10. Last light I saw a very good film, _ was about World War,who， whom， whose， that， which， as,who
14、(m)/that,who,whose,which,which,1. Some of the boys I invited them didnt come. 2. Those who has finished may go home. 3. Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 4. The key opens the bike is missing. 5. The book that you need it is in the library.,定语从句省略了关系词whom. who或that,改正句子并分析,have,先行词tho
15、se为复数,who/that,定语从句缺少主语，不能省略,that/which,定语从句缺少主语，不能省略,从句的宾语是关系代词that,根据提示完成句子。,1. 我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 I like the books _ by Lu Xun. 2. 他们谈论的那个女孩是我们的班长。 The girl _ they were talking is our monitor. 3. 可以做的都已做好了。 All _ can be done _ done.,which/that were written,about whom,that has been,根据提示完成句子。,4. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。 This is the factory in _ we once _. 5. 街道好多个星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。 The street hasnt been cleaned for weeks, _ makes it very _. 6. 他是这间学校里唯一一个懂法语的老师。 He is the _ of the teachers who _ French in our school.,which worked,which dirty,only one knows,Take a break!,
