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1、第三章 国际货物买卖法,周超 2009年9月,Questions:,What is CISG? What is CISGs sphere of application?,第一节 国际货物买卖法律规范概述,一、国内法规范： 大陆法系国家，采用民商分立的，先适用商法的特别规定，没有规定的再适用民法的一般规定；采用民商合一的，直接适用民法典的相关规定。 普通法系国家的国内立法由法院判例和成文法两部分组成，比较典型的是英国 1893年货物买卖法（1995年修订）和美国1994年统一商法典。 我国适用合同法及民法通则。,二、国际立法概述：,在1964年海牙外交会议上正式通过了由罗马国际私法统一协会编纂统
2、一的关于国际货物买卖统一法公约和关于国际货物买卖合同成立统一法公约，这两个公约均于1972年生效。但是由于参加国家较少，没有起到统一国际货物买卖法律的作用。,联合国国际货物买卖合同公约,联合国国际贸易法委员会完成了联合国国际货物买卖合同公约的起草和指定工作。该公约于1980年在维也纳的外交会议上通过，于1988年正式生效。 U.N. Convention on Contracts for The International Sale of Goods (CISG),Case 1,An Austrian company, plaintiff, entered into a contract fo
3、r the purchase and transport of spirits to Russia with the Swiss branch of a company that had its headquarters in Liechtenstein. The contract was never performed because a dispute arose among the parties regarding the mode of transport and the final date of performance. The Austrian buyer sued the S
4、wiss seller for repayment, while the defendant claimed damages for breach of contract. Questions: Whether CISG is applicable for this case?,1. Sphere of Application 适用范围,Article 1 (1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different Stat
5、es: (a) when the States are Contracting States; or (b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.,Article 1(contd),(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does
6、not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract. (3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken i
7、nto consideration in determining the application of this Convention.,2、货物范围,Article 2 Convention does not apply to sales: (a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that t
8、he goods were bought for any such use; (b) by auction; (c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money; (e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft; (f) of electricity.,Article 3,(1) Contracts for the supply of goods
9、to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production. (2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of
10、the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.,Article 4 This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract. In particular, except as otherwise expressly pro
11、vided in this Convention, it is not concerned with: (a) the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage; (b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or persona
12、l injury caused by the goods to any person.,Case 2,The defendants, two Swiss sellers of computer software, the plaintiff, a French buyer, and asked for specific performance of the sale of software contract, which had been declared avoided by the plaintiff. Question: whether CISG is applicable? P.S.
13、The CISG entered into force in Switzerland on 1 March 1991. The contract was concluded on 21 September 1990. The dispute arose in 1 May 1991.,例题1,【1999年卷一单选第18题】 1980年联合国国际货物买卖合同公约对合同的适用范围作了规定，下列哪个选项应适用公约的规定？A缔约国中营业地处于同一国家的当事人之间货物的买卖B缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间飞机的买卖C不同国家的当事人之间股票的买卖D缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间的货物的买卖
14、,例题2,【2002年卷一多选第67题】 设下列各公司所属国均为1980年联合国国际货物销售合同公约的缔约国，依公约的规定，下列哪几种情况适用公约?A营业地位于中国的两个不同国家的公司订立的关于电视机的买卖合同B营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易合同，其中服务未构成供货方的绝大部分义务C营业地位于不同国家的两公司关于食糖的贸易合同 D营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易合同，其中服务构成了供贷方的绝大部分义务,例题3,【2003年卷一多选第66题】联合国国际货物销售合同公约适用于下列哪些合同？ A.营业地在不同缔约国的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同 B.住所地在不同缔约国的当事人之间
15、所订立的货物销售合同 C.具有不同缔约国国籍的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同 D.在国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国法律的条件下，营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同,3.公约的任意性,Article 6 The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions. 注意 :对公约的任意性问题应当特别注意，公约是买卖合同无特别排除约定便自动适用，而不是当事人在
16、合同中有特别约定才适用。另外，如果当事人选择了某一国际惯例，则合同仍适用公约，但国际惯例与公约规定不一致的地方，适用国际惯例的规定。,4、我国加入公约时的保留,(1) 合同形式的保留。我国坚持国际货物销售合同只能采取书面形式订立，因而对公约第11条提出保留。 (2) 扩大适用的保留。我国坚持冲突规范指向的只能是实体法，不同意通过对国际私法的引用而使公约适用于非缔约国，因而对公约第1条第（1）款（b）项提出保留。,Case 2,一位营业地在德国的卖主和一位营业地在瑞士的买主签订合同，卖方向买方出售一套家用空气清新设备。双方合同执行完毕后，另一位德国人对货物提出所有权争议，要求法院判决合同无效，因为德国卖主没有货物的所有权。 问题：该买卖合同争议是否适用公约？,思路,（1）当事人营业地是否位于不同缔约国国内或者国际私法导致适用公约？ （2）合同的标的或者买卖的方式是否属于公约的排除范围？ （3）合同争议是否属于公约涉及的范围？,案例4,一家营业地在日本的公司同营业地在中国的服装厂签订了销售合同，由中国厂商向日本公司供应西装1000套，但是西装的布料和衬里等材料均由日本公司提供。现双方发生合
