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1、大学英语四级写作指导,Zhaohuaqin,大学英语四级作文评分标准,2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。),英语四级写作基本文体,英语四级考试的作文大体可以分为： 1、正反论证 2、
2、原因现象描述类； 3、图表； 4、名言谚语。 5、信件。所谓的写信，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。,英语文章段落结构特点 主题句+扩展句+结尾句 1）主题句：文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，居于主导地位。一般位于段落的句首。 2）扩展句：为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。 3）结尾句：总结句 60%-70%的段落 由主题句+扩展句构成。,作文得分技巧总结,1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚 2、 构思简单，少犯错误 3、 中心突出，层次分明 4、 固定经典，名言注目 5、 重在变化，宁简勿烂,1、主题句原则,主题句通常放在句首 Due Attention should Be
3、Given to Spelling(2010.6) 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为 1. Nowadays, an increasing number of students seem to attach less importance to spelling in English learning. 2. There are (various) reasons responsible for this embarrassing situation. 3. To change this situation, I hold to
4、 the belief that.,2、阐述观点的一二三原则,（1）first, second, third, last （2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally （3）the first, the second, the third, the last （4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly （5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally （6）to start with, next, in addition, f
5、inally （7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least （8）most important of all, moreover, finally （9）on the one hand, on the other hand （适用于两点的情况） （10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,3、短语优先原则,写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear/ stand i
6、t.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. Importantbe of importance- play an important role in,4、多实少虚原则,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间
7、：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room,1. 词汇等级及准确性 important：significant; vital; main; crucial 2. 结合语境选择恰当的用词 big: large; great; huge; vast; enormous etc. large population/ a large number
8、 of great changes /presidents/ Great Hall of the People huge：a huge stone, a huge building巨大的，往往指体积 a vast forest, a vast sea, a vast desert 广袤无垠的、面积广阔的,5.多变句式原则 （1）加法（串联）,I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以下面句式： Not only is the fur coat soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用：
9、 besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover，in addition, whats more,（2）转折,批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，写文章的时候注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。 The coat was thin, but it was warm. The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 更多的短语： still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite,（3）因果 (先后),The
10、snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that,（4）丰富句式,主语从句 Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. What impressed me most is his humor. 表语从句 This is what I can do. 宾语从句 The students seldom reflect on what the
11、y have learned a day.,在句子中穿插定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语，使句子有变化。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. Qingdao, my hometown, is a famous tourist city.,倒装句 1. only状语，句子用部分倒装 Only when the war was over in 1918 w
12、as he able to get back to work Only in this way can you learn English well 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 eg.Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘
13、公共汽车上班。,修辞 （比喻，拟人，夸张，排比等） I wondered lonely as a cloud. I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. When I told our father about this, his heart burst. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.,6、挑战极限原则,在学生的文章
14、中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.,议论文写作的基本模式,从2006年6月四级改革以来，议论文已经成为四级作文的绝对主流，无论是学生还是老师，都对此类题目进行了充分的准备。对于这种类型的文章，写作
15、框架如下： 第一段：现象背景介绍+引出话题（公众观点+大概理由）；第二段：关于话题的相关因素（影响，作用，好处，危害或原因等）；第三段：陈述自己观点或预期未来。,组成一篇文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言。对于此类型的文章，同学们是很难在结构上略胜一筹的； 至于具体内容，也完全不需要推陈出新，因为批卷老师是完全没有时间仔细看理由的。所以，如何体现我们的写作能力和文章价值，关键在于文章遣词造句的质量。 此类文章的高分原则为：第一，在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。第二，用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。第三，尽量使用非陈述句式，如倒装、被动、及插入语等。,How Should P
16、arents Help Children to Be Independent？ （2010年12月） 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立， 父母应该,Recently, childrens independence has become a matter of a public concern, especially for those parents who have only one child. On the one hand, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, which they believe is the best way to love them. On the other hand, children get used to depending on their parents in everything and lack of ability to solve problems on their own, whic
