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1、Validity and Reliability of English Oral Tests,Contents,1. Background Information 2. Validity of the Oral Test 3. Reliability of the Oral Test 4. Influencing Factors,1. Background Information,随着人们对语言本质认识的深入，以及交际教学法在语言教学领域里的盛行，出现了测试交际能力的探索性考试。交际测试考查学生的语言使用情况， 强调考察学生完成某个交际任务的能力，而不是考查语言的用法。因此，各类考试都日趋注重
2、对口语能力的评价。TOEFL于1981 年推出了托福口试， 每年施考5 次；CET考试于1999年增加了CET-SET考试,，每年施考2 次；PETS和IELTS 考试也都有口语测试部分。,1. Background Information,在这样的大背景下，口语教学已经在部分院校纳入教学计划中，有专门的教材，规定的学时和口语测试。如何组织好口语测试不仅是应用语言学领域的课题，而且已成为英语教学所面临的挑战。一套科学的口语测试题取决于很多因素，如试题的效度、信度、区分度、真实性、交互性、后效作用、可操作性等。其中, 试题的效度和信度是语言测试中的两个十分重要的因素。,2. Validity o
3、f the Oral Test,Validity of the Oral Test refers to whether an oral test can achieve the desired testing purpose.,2. Validity of the Oral Test,“the validity of a test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure and nothing else. Every test, whether it be a short test, informal
4、classroom test or a public examination, should be as valid as the constructor can make it. The test must aim to provide a true measure of the particular skill which it is in tended to measure”. (J. B. Heaton, 1998),3. Categories,1) Face Validity (表面效度) 2) Content Validity (内容效度) 3) Construct Validit
5、y (结构效度) 4) Concurrent Validity (共时效度) 5) Predictive Validity (预示效度),1) Face Validity (表面效度),Face validity refers to the fact that test has tested the predetermined skill or ability category.,1) Face Validity (表面效度),在口语测试中，试题的表面效度体现试题的真实性，教师需要设计一个仿真的语言运用实景，如打电话、去邮局、购物等，或提供现实生活中的真实话题。,1) Face Validit
6、y (表面效度),1) Face Validity (表面效度),2) Content Validity (内容效度),Content validity refers to whether a test examines the contents specified by a certain syllabus.,3) Construct Validity (结构效度),Construct validity refers to whether a test is on the basis of an effective language view (including language lear
7、ning theory and the theory of linguistic behavior).,3) Construct Validity (结构效度),Construct validity refers to the meaningfulness and appropriateness of the interpretations that we make on the basis of test scores (Bachman and Palmer,1996).,3) Construct Validity (结构效度),In designing an oral test, a te
8、acher should take these factors into account as a whole: A. pronunciation and intonation B. grammatical range and lexical resource C. knowledge of cultural background of both sides, topics in question, whether both sides can receive and correctly understand the message conveyed by both sides, etc.,4
9、) Concurrent Validity (共时效度),Concurrent validity is built on the comparison of the two test results carried out concurrently.,4) Concurrent Validity (共时效度),假如出了一套试卷，为了检验这套试卷的共时效度，选择了另一套试卷来衡量，然后让学生在相近的两个时间里做题，学生的成绩一致性很高，这份卷纸的共时效度就很高。,5) Predictive Validity (预示效度),Predictive validity is mainly used to
10、 indicate whether a test bears the function of predicting the students future academic performance.,3. Reliability of the Oral Test,Reliability of the Oral Test is often defined as consistency of measurement. If the test is administered to the same candidates on different occasions and the result is consistent, the test is reliable. Reliability is an essential quality of test score. If the test is not reliable.,4. Influencing Factors,1) Test Environment 2) Test Time 3) Candidates Emotion 4) Candidates State 5) Test Difficulty 6) Test Breadth 7) Scoring Criteria (Grading Standards),Thank you.,
