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1、Grammar,动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,即for/ of sb. to do sth.,1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry
2、when I grow up.,辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:,(主),(主),(表),4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.,(定),(定),(宾),(宾),8. I have ha
3、d to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.,(目的状语),(结果状语),(宾补),一、不定式在句中的功能： 作主语 To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置。 学
4、好英语不容易。 It_. 学生掌握一门外语是必要的。 It is necessary for students to master a foreign language.,is not easy to learn English well,It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful rose in five minutes. Attentions: easy, important, difficult, impossible, necessary, right, wrong（描述事物的形容词）等及名词a duty, an h
5、onor, a mistake等作表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由for引导。 eg: It is impossible for him to do the job alone 2. kind, good, nice, wise, clever, silly, foolish(描述人性格特征或行为特点)等作表语时，由of引导不定式的逻辑主语。 eg: It is very nice of you to help me.,(2) 作宾语 She likes to talk about this matter. I decided to ask for my money back.,常接不定式作宾语的动
6、词有： afford(担负得起), agree, aim, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, determine/decide, demand(要求), expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, help, manage, mean, need, plan, pretend, prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish等,作know, wonder, discuss, teach, show等动词的宾语时，不定式前要加特殊疑问词，如：who, where, when, what, ho
7、w等。 eg: He is wondering where to find his lost bike.,(3) 作表语 (说明主语的具体内容) My work is to clean the room every day. 他的梦想是成为一名医生. His dream is to become a doctor.,(4) 作定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school.,(5) 作状语 A. 做目的状语，常用的结构：to do; in
8、 order to do, so as to do I come here to say good-bye to you.,only to do “不料(却),结果(却), 表示一个没有料到的结果,C. 不定式做原因状语, 一般用在句尾 Im glad to see you. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.,B. 做结果状语,常与副词only, enough 或too连用。,He studied hard only to fail the exam. The road is
9、too dangerous to cross.,(6). 做宾语补足语 A. 常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, allow, require, advise, permit, expect, get, forbid, invite, persuade, urge, order, force, cause, encourage等 结构: ask / allow sb. to do sth./ sth. to be done,Father will not allow us to play on the street. My brother asked me to clean th
10、e room with him. The manager required the paper to be typed.,B. 不带to的不定式作宾补。 使役动词 make/ have/ let sb. do 感官动词 see/ watch/ observe/ hear/ listen to/ notice sb. do He made a face and made everybody laugh. The policeman saw a child play in the street.,A child was seen to play in the street by the polic
11、eman.,被 动,宾语补足语,宾语,主语补足语,主语,We were not allowed to smoke in his house.,二、不定式的否定结构： 不定式的否定结构多由： “not + 不定式”构成， 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。 Please tell your child not to play in the street. 她检查名字为了不犯错误。 She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.,主动形式 被动形式 一般式 进行式 完成式
12、,to do,to be done,to be doing,/,to have done,to have been done,I saw him enter that building. I hope to see you again. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to be eating something. She dislikes to be told to do what she dislikes,三、时态和语态,1) I like to go with her. We love watching VCD.,
13、like / love,to do (一次性的动作),doing (习惯性的动作),2) remember forget regret I remember meeting him in the street. 我记得在街上见过他。 I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。,to do (表示将来的动作),doing(表示过去的动作),3) “stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作, “stop + 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。 Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟 。 Lets
14、stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。,4) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money.,5) try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in another way.,Exercises: 判断成分 He wan
15、ts to be a singer. Its very easy to do the work. He often comes to see me. Have you see him come in? He was considered to have taken it. 二. 用正确的词的形式填空。 They watered the soil _(stop) it getting too dry. Your sister is said _(take) a plane before. When I came in, he pretended _(read) a book.,宾,主,状,宾补,
16、主语补足语,to stop,to have taken,to be reading,4. _(make) things worse, my car was held up by the traffic accident. 5. We used to hear our teacher _ (sing) this song. 6. The meeting _(hold) next week is very important. 7. The dusty air makes it difficult _(get) a clear picture of space. 三. 选择题。 Our master often told us _ things for granted. A. not to have B. not to take C.
