【精心制作!】高考英语短文改错解题技巧

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1、 高考英语短文改错解题技巧短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,考生在该项上往往失分较多,那么如何做好改错题,结合自己数年的教学经验,笔者认为要想在短文改错上取得理想的成绩,除了平时打好基础外,在应考时还要做到以下几点;一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系,对文章进行逐字逐句的分析,检查句子的结构是否完整,语气是否连贯,启承转合是否符合文意等。二综合运用所学语言知识,根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类:1.如:名词:单复数用错,可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短

2、文改错都会有此类的错误。Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000 北京春考),此句中 return 虽然可以作可数名词也可做不可数名词,但此处显然为可数名词,故应用其复数,returns。(1)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 81(NMET2002)句中 picture 应为 pictures(2)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85(

3、NMET 2003)句中 word 应为 words(3) but after class we become stranger at83 (NMET 2004) 句中 stranger 应为 strangers2. 动词:时态和语态,常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时,中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语,或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接 ing 形式的接了 to,或相反等。如:(1)Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music. 本句中listen 是不及物动词,不

4、能直接接宾语,应在其后加 to。(2)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one.84(NMET 2003)句中 reads 应为过去式 read(3)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.80(NMET2002)此句 visiting 应为 visited(4)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my

5、 teacher. 83 (NMET 2003)此句中showed 是及物动词,其后要加 it 作其宾语。(5) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simpleEnglish. 81 (NMET 2003) 句中 talk 应为 talking, 因为 enjoy 后接 doing.3. 形容词副词:常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词 where, when, why 等的缺失或错用,如:(1) I would describe myself as shy

6、and quietly. 77(NMET 2004)句中 副词 quietly 应改为形容词 quiet(2) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 78 (NMET 2002)此句 we的前面缺了关系副词 when, when 在此处引导一个时间状语从句。(3) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 89 (NMET 1997) 此句中,where 应改为which,因为关系副词不能在句中定语从句中做主语。4. 介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。这一部

7、分需要平时多多积累,弄清常用介词的搭配。(1) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.92 (NMET 1998) 此句中 instead 和 ourselves 之间需加上 of, 因为 instead 是副词,本身不可以接名词。(2) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 85(NMET2002)句中 at 多余。(3) The main problem was in that I al

8、ways thought in Chinese 77(NMET 2003)句中 in多余。(4) Im a newcomer here of a small town. 76(NMET 2004)句中 of 应改为 from5. 主谓一致性:第三人称单数漏掉 s,或主语为复数,谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET 2000)此句中主语是 mypicture and the prize, is 应改为 are. 6. 冠词:定冠词 the 的多余或缺失,如季节,月份,

9、星期,球类及三餐活动,称呼头衔前等不能加 the 的地方加了 the,或是 same 等常和 the 一起使用的词却漏税掉了 the;a, an 的混用,特别注意:hour, honest 等虽然首字母不是元音字母,但其发音却是以元音素开头,故用 an,而 useful, university, European, one-hour 等虽然首字母是元音字母,但却以辅音音素开头,故用 a。如:As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 (NMET2002)此处 famous 前应加

10、上冠词 a7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等,基数词的复数形式如几百 hundreds of,几千 thousands of 漏掉了 s,或是当其前有具体数字或 several 时加了复数,如 seven hundred,写作 seven hundreds。8. 连词:不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如 but)的时候用了承接连词(so),或相反等等。如:(1)The food was expensive and the service was good. 84(NMET 2002)根据句意,此句中连词 and 应改为 but 。(2) I am

11、 trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. 84 (NMET 2004)此句中 since 应改为 but。9. 代词:主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格,主格或相反,关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that 引导的用了其它,或在不能用 that 的地方却用了 that,或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如:(1) I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything in

12、to English. 78(NMET2003)此句中不定代词 anything 应改为 everything(2) I was learning to express me in simple English. 82(NMET 2003)此句中 me 应改为其反身代词 myself。10. 常用固定短语或固定用法用错。(1)Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them.78(NMET 2004)此句中,well 前应加 as ,as well as 是固定搭配(2)Like m

13、ost of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words , Iman only child . (NMET 2001) 此句中,in any other words 应改为 in other words ,属固定短语。(3)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85(NMET 2004)应去掉 about ,tell sb+wh从句,是固定用法,而 tell sb.+ of/about 后需接 sth.三:验证答案。改完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去,但在上下文中可能只能在一处修改才正确。

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