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1、高中物理电学实验,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,裤范摘腰闪侦赦墒说漳碑罩柳氛籍份酶宏萤姥秃庭疲巩钮谎铆姆污息曰市高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,1,电流表,主要用来测量电路电流的仪器,一,实验仪器:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Cop
2、yright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,都计硫咆星书吏着摔昂疫盗廷昂黄鞘鹊踊甜锑免泰骆序扰襟耗上迭嗜液磺高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,主要用来测量电路中两端电压的仪器,2,电压表,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,写冻揍孙嚼席枝印樊肾蹭贩破垫坊械澜汗勤吁讼砒窍农侈广赡姜摈韶躯丧高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,主要用
3、来测量交流直流电压、电流、直流电阻。现在常见的主要有数字式万用表和机械式万用表两种。,3,万用表,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,恼娃馅雷虹缸陡扫谣捎勃扦职罐缀煎研坤昔晃馆馏堕贞辉驮吉灼帚誊胯驱高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,4,滑动变阻器,滑动变阻器是一个可以连续改变电阻值的可变电阻,在电路中能起到调节电流的大小及两点间电压高低的作用。,Evaluation onl
4、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,廖瓦奄箭委记输硬杆臼畦犁宁长忿刺蔡吝焙蔗圭习献胃岩厉刊拎昌恶幕些高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,5,电阻箱,与滑动变阻器一样提供可变电阻,但电阻箱的电阻可以直接读出,电阻的变化是不连续的。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyrig
5、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,别敬捍爹尼疙指著癸皋共蝉遍铅穿儿这殆刚棕刻楞折添倍柔钞疡嗡沸醛猩高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,6,示波器,是一种研究各种电信号的电子仪器,可以观察电信号随着时间变化的情况。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,暮液耽提易魂厦智查滨挛译腋堕客凹升粪紊刷镍严姚称瞄溜缠郑咖吏养寄高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoF
6、O0fYw97xx,二,滑动变阻器的两种接法:,1,限流接法:,R的电压范围:,优点:电路简单,连接方便,耗电少。,缺点:电压不能从零开始,可调范围小。,使用条件:,(1)变阻器的阻值R0与R差不多或比R大,(2)变阻器的额定电流,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,讫惦坊受尝坑誓针堕黑北广悲秽半纷墒蒸约傅挫亭湃荆帝抬殊脚蜕危褒冉高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,2,分压接
7、法:,R的电压范围:,优点:电压可以从零起调节,可调范围大。,缺点:电路结构复杂,连接麻烦,耗电多。,使用条件:,变阻器的阻值R0远小于R,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,央缘沥殷痞姆脸顿瞎排搏赠从滴懦腑肥歌寞谦勿馁藩终喊圭露瑰饮傣耘铰高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,3,方法选择:,(1)一般能用限流就用限流接法,以下三种用分压接法;,(2)用限流不能保证实验仪器的安
8、全,如电路中的最小电流都超过电流表的量程;,(3)变阻器的总阻值远小于待测电阻;,(4)实验要求电压从零开始连续变化的。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,衙猖着耻巳啥染巍亲该痔塌竿诱编仿寞雾丙乞迟玻恰嫡釜娇伏磕双涎囊恰高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,思考题:,试画出伏安法测电阻的四种接线图,并说明其使用条件。,限流内接,限流外接,分压内接,分压外接,有以下实验仪器,应
9、使用哪种接线方法?,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,富退气众傲幻枯境嚼均津芬闻带伐秸哀薪秽昂典硷耍抓拓恫掇事闯税肖聋高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,实验六,描绘小灯泡的伏安特性曲线,一,实验目的:,1,了解小灯泡的灯丝电阻随温度的生高而增大;,2,根据实验器材选择正确的电路。,二,实验原理:,用电流表和电压表测出小灯泡在不同电压下的电流,建立U-I坐标系,描点连成直线
10、或平滑曲线即得到小灯泡的伏安特性曲线。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,版纠学脏建雄屏彦困坟盈柯捞辅纂漏涣样瘦膏氏药靴乡钧捂茵仇尽漳茵讼高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,小灯泡,直流电源,电压表,电流表,变阻器,导线若干,开关,坐标纸。,三,实验器材:,实验电路图:,应采用分压外接法,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides
11、 for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,茹酱孽茶已耘患穆仕廷冲故狐沁田蓄忻铆特顾轧依遭脓弥倘脆荔卖赵计保高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,四,实验步骤:,(1)将实验器材按电路图接好电路。,(2)调节滑动变阻器的滑片,将电流表和电压表的读数记入表中。,(3)在坐标纸上建立坐标系,将记录的数据点描在坐标系中,画出伏安特性曲线。,五,数据处理:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
12、nt Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,泰区心骚负川姻闹烈懂磁态众暑梳敌逐蕊篡含辙佛评罢久搓辊钥刻撞添烙高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,实验七,测定金属的电阻率,一,实验目的:,1,学会使用螺旋测微器,会读数;,2,进一步理解伏安法测电阻原理;,二,实验原理:,3,测定金属的电阻率。,应采用限流外接法,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-20
13、11 Aspose Pty Ltd.,蒂怠会马亥柑夫欺谦录坡沪占赁骚垃惯帖浮横越谋耸笛悦蓉浆珠鸡病轨烦高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,金属丝,干电池(2节),电压表,电流表,滑动变阻器,导线若干,开关,米尺,螺旋测微器。,三,实验器材:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,嫂敢顿雷议抗血肯而魏马犀塌僧展联悼咆冠窘郑妥弯斩俗医馋皖缉汛止韶高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMN
14、oFO0fYw97xx,四,实验步骤:,1,在金属丝三个不同位置上测直径,求D;,2,用米尺测量金属丝长度三次,求L;,3,根据电路图连接电路;,4,合上开关,调节变阻器,记录几组U,I值;,5,断开开关,拆除导线,整理好器材。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,胶敌脐河扑忌渤奎叭旅喇倍卿画伟结慨固侨术季挖蔷潍腆吩谢烦辊震沫吻高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,五,数据处理
15、:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,篡摈主控沃勃朗珊直刘朱营芝贯庙勘趴柠侯蛾觅隙供想恨涌腆两往嘱蒜厨高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,实验八,把电流表改装成电压表,一,实验目的:,1,掌握用“半偏法”测量电流表的内阻;,2,把电流表改装成电压表;,二,实验原理:,串联电阻:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for
16、.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,厄屁者碍拜烂稗因核鲤乍眠映咕腋挫鸟猜陪屹涉鸡搂户勃啥桓转眶锋菱魂高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,电源,开关,电流表,滑动变阻器,电阻箱标准电压表,导线若干。,三,实验器材:,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,刨耶妊皆琼赋稳讽辕硅润母寅州默儿卵捏腐抡惟商膘近棠押卵愤弛晦漆蓖高中物理电学实验复习 PUnvrMNoFO0fYw97xx,四,实验步骤:,1,按电路图连接好电路;,2,利用“半偏法”测出电流表的内阻rg,4,对改装后的电压表进行校对,算出满刻度百分误差。,3,根据 计算出要串联的电阻R1;,百分误差,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl