《敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt介绍)....ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt介绍)....ppt（50页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Do you know those photos？,Where is it ？,Follow me please !,版权所有 仅供参考 - 孤夜寒飞,Mogao Caves 莫高窟,25km,敦煌市东南部25公里处，鸣沙山上,Mogao Caves（莫高窟）,TheMogao CavesorMogao Grottoes(莫高窟), also known as theCaves of the Thousand Buddhas (千佛洞), form a system of 492 temples 25km southeast of the center ofDunhuang, an oasis
2、（绿洲） strategically（战略上） located at a religious and cultural crossroads on theSilk Road（丝绸之路）, inGansu province,China. The caves may also be known as theDunhuang Caves, however, this term also include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dunhuang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, and the Y
3、ulin Caves farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples ofBuddhist art（佛教艺术）spanning a period of 1,000 years.,敦煌石窟,敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、东千佛洞及肃北蒙古族自治县五个庙石窟等,The first caves were dug out 366 AD as places of Buddhist meditation and worship. The Mogao Caves are the best know
4、n of theChinese Buddhist grottoes and, along withLongmen Grottoes（龙门石窟）andYungang Grottoes（云冈石窟）, are one of the three famous ancient Buddhist sculptural sites of China,中国三大石窟,Longmen Grottoes,Yungang Grottoes,Mogao Grottoes,敦煌莫高窟,History,Dunhuang was established as a frontier（边界） garrison(要塞）outpos
5、t by the Han DynastyEmperor Wudito protect against theXiongnuin 111 BC. It also became an important gateway to the West, a centre of commerce（商业）along theSilk Road（丝绸之路）, as well as a meeting place of various people and religions such asBuddhism（佛教）,The construction of the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang
6、is generally taken to have begun sometime in the fourth century AD. According to a book written during the reign of TangEmpress Wu,Fokan Ji(佛龕记) by Li Junxiu (李君修), a Buddhist（佛教的）monk（和尚） named L Zn (樂尊) had a vision of a thousandBuddhas( 佛陀）bathed in golden light at the site in 366 AD, inspiring h
7、im to build a cave here.,The story is also found in other sources, such as in inscriptions（碑文） on astele（石碑）in cave 332, an earlier date of 353 AD however was given in another document .He was later joined by a second monk Faliang (法良), and the site gradually grew, by the time of theNorthern Liang（北
8、凉）a small community of monks had formed at the site. Members of the ruling family ofNorthern WeiandNorthern Zhouconstructed many caves here, and it flourished （兴盛）in the short-livedSui Dynasty. By theTang Dynasty, the number of caves had reached over a thousand.,During the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang had
9、 became the main hub of commerce（主要的商业中心） of the Silk Road and a major religious centre. A large number of the caves were constructed at Mogao during this era（年代）, including the two large statues of Buddha/ bud/（佛像）at the site, the largest one constructed in 695 following an edict(法令，布告） a year earl
10、ier by Tang EmpressWu Zetian（武则天）to build giant（巨大的）statues across the country. The site escaped the persecution of Buddhists ordered byEmperor Wuzongin 845 as it was then under Tibetan control. As a frontier town, Dunhuang had been occupied at various times by other non-Han Chinese people.,After th
11、e Tang Dynasty, the site went into a gradual decline(衰落）, and construction of new caves ceased （中断）entirely after theYuan Dynasty. Islam（伊斯兰教） had conquered（战胜，征服；攻克）much of Central Asia, and the Silk Road declined（衰退） in importance when trading via （通过）sea-routes began to dominate /dmineit /（控制）Chi
12、nese trade with the outside world,During the Ming Dynasty, the Silk Road was finally officially abandoned, and Dunhuang slowly became depopulated（人口减少） and largely forgotten by the outside world. Most of the Mogao caves were abandoned, the site however was still a place of pilgrimage（/pilrimid /朝圣之地
13、） and used as a place of worship（朝拜）by local people at the beginning of the twentieth century when there was renewed interest in the site.,Caves,The caves were cut into the side of a cliff （ 悬崖；绝壁）which is close to two kilometers long. At its height during the Tang Dynasty, there were more than a th
14、ousands caves, but over time, many of the caves were lost, including the earliest caves 735 caves currently exist in Mogao, the best-known ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which are places of pilgrimage（朝拜 ） and worship,248 caves have also been found to the north w
15、hich were living quarters（住处）, meditation chambers（冥想室 ） and burial sites（土葬） for the monks. The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain（朴素）.,The caves are clustered（聚合） together according to their era, with new caves from a new dynasty being
16、 constructed in different part of the cliff,Murals（壁画；壁饰 ）,The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical miikl themes（传统神话主题） and portraits（画像） of patrons （赞助人）,Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques used,A distinct Dunhuang style （截然不同的的敦煌风格）however began to emerge（浮现） during Northern
