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1、1动词不定式的六大考点动词不定式在历年高考中是考查的热点问题之一，在单选、完形、改错题中，我们都可以看到它的身影，历年高考题主考查它的句法功能、时态和语态、与过去分司及 v-ing 用法的对比、动词不定式中 to 的省略与保留、不定式符号 to 与介词 to 在某些结构中的区别。此外，其他一些复杂结构中也设有考点。一、动词不定式在句子中的句法功能1. 作主语动词不定式在句中作主语，如果动词不定式是一个较长的短语，一般用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。1) In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an importan
2、t football match(2001上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it析：不定式的复合结构 for the police to keep 为真正主语，置于句末，句首缺少形式主语，只有 it 才有这一功能，故选 D。2. 作宾语直接放在某些动词后作宾语。这类动词有 agree , afford , ask , decide , expect ,hope , learn , manage , need , plan , pretend , intend , refuse , want , wish 等。2) In order to gain a bigger
3、share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving their products more competitive .(2002上海)A . to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 析：strive 总为“努力、奋斗、力求” ，后接不定式作宾语，故选 A。当然， “疑问词 + 不定式” 也可作某些动词的宾语。3) Ive worked with children before , so I know what in my new job .
4、(NMET2000)A. to expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 析：“what + 不定式“作 know 的宾语，故选 B。3. 作定语动词不定式作定语常放在被修饰词的后面。如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，还需要在其后加适用当的介词。4) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live(2003上海春)A. to have played B.
5、to playC. to be played D. to be playing2析：由于该句将 play a role in 中的宾语 a role 提前，所以要用不定式作后置定语，故选 B。4. 作表语放在 be 动词或其他一些连系动词后。5) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains whether they will enjoy it(NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen析：remains 为系动词，因其主语是 it，故要
6、用不定式的被动式作表语，选 B。5. 作状语不定式在句中作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等，作状语的动词不定式在一般情况下要和句子的主语一致。6) In order to make our city green， .（2002上海春）A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more treesD. we must plant more trees析：In order to make在句中作目的状语，其逻辑主语应是人(we)，故选D。6. 作宾语补足
7、语有些动词，如advise， ask，allow，beg，encourage，expect find ，forbid ，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，want，warn ，would like（love) 等，后面可跟带 to 的不定式作宾补；感官动词和使役动词，如 see，notice，watch, observe，look at，hear ， listen to，feel，smell，make，have，let 等，后面只能跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补。7) M y adviser encouraged a summer c
8、ourse to improve my writing skills(2004北京)A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take析：encourage 后要跟带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，构成“encourage sbto do sth.”结构，故选 D。二、动词不定式的时态动词不定式有一般式、完成式和进行式等几种形式。一般式表示与句子的3谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；完成式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前；进行式表示该动作在谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。8) Ro
9、ber is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (NMETl999)A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying析：“在国外学习”明显先于“我不知道” ，故要用不定式的完成式，选 A。三、动词不定式的语态动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式(to be +v. -ed；to have been + v. -ed )。9) The news report
10、ers hurried to the airport, only the film star had left. (2004福建)A. to tell B. to be toldC. telling D. told析：根据语境“记者赶到机场，只是被告知影星走了”可知，要用不定式的被动式，故选 B。四、与过去分词及 v. ing 用法的对比动词不定式有表将来和主动的含义，过去分词有表完成和被动的含义，而v. ing 表示正在进行和主动的含义。10) Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV, they are pictur
11、es jn your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004全国III) A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed析：此处为现在分词作定语，表示正在进行和主动的含义，相当予 forming前省略了 which are，故选 C。但有的动词，如 remember, forget, mean, try, go on 等,后跟动词不定式和 v. ing 形式作宾语时意义完全不同。11) In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.
12、 (200l上海春)Awaiting Bto waitCwait Dto be waiting析：mean 后接不定式意为“打算、想要” ，后接动名词意为“意味着” 。该题明显属于后者，故选 A。五、不定式中 to 的省略与保留4在 would rather, rather than, rather than，had better 等结构中需省略不定式中的 to .12) Rather than on a crowded bus，he always prefer a bicycle. (N METl994)A. ride; ride B. riding; rideC. ride; to rid
13、e D. to ride; riding析：rather than 后只接动词原形；prefer 后要接不定式，故选 C。13) If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ityouve got some big bills coming. (2004广东)A. forget B. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget析：better 是 youd better 的缩略形式，其后只接动词原形，故选 A。注意：在 cannot but, can not choose but
14、, cannot help but 等结构中，且这些介词前又有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，but 后要跟省略 to 的动词不定式。Sandy could do nothing but to this teacher that he was wrong. (2001上海春)Aadmit Badmitted Cadmitting Dto admit析：该句中的 but 为介词，意为“除了” ，且前面又有实义动词 do，因此but 后只能接省略 to 的不定式。选 A。六、动词不定式的 to 和作介词的 to 在某些结构中的区别14) How do you deal with the disagr
15、eement between the company and the customers?The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers. (2002北京)A. to solving；making B. to solving；madeC. to solve；making D. to solve；made析：The key the problem 意为“解决问题的关键” ，其中 to 为介词，意为“的” ，故其后要接动名词，选 B。巧记妙学只接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词一感二听三让四看说明：一感：指一个表示感觉的词feel；二听：指两个表示听觉的词hear，1isten to；三让：指三个表示“使、让”的词have ， make，1et；5四看：指四个表示看的词see，watch，notice，observe.分词的八大考点近几年的高考对分词的考查形式是千变万化的，这主要是因为，分词在句子中起着形容词和副词的作用。它在句子中可作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语，也可用于独立主格结构。其热点考查内容如下：一、分词作定语
