学案专题01定语从句(教学卷)

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1、学科网备战 2011 届高考英语(通用版)一轮复习专题 01 定语从句【考纲解读】定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中,都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中,定语从句仍是考查的重点。定语从句常被考查的知识有:(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as,which ,that,what 代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现,并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之,对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上,我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。【知识要点】一、定

2、语从句的意义形容词性从句一般称为定语从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句的位置:一般置于先行词之后,由关系代词和关系副词引导。二、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有 which,that,who,whom,whose 。关系副词有 when,where,why 等。关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用,而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。1.关系代词的用法:1)由 who 引导的定语从句关系代词 who 只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。如: A teacher is a person who passes knowledg

3、e to the student.教师是传授知识的人。 (关系代词在从句中作主语)The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得 1000 美元。 (关系代词 who 在从句中作主语)2)由 whom 引导的定语从句关系代词 whom 只能指人,是 who 的宾格,在从句中作宾语,在口语中常常省略。如:The man whom you met on the street is my father.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。 (关系代词 who 在从句中作宾语,可以省略)The woman (whom)you ta

4、lked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。 (关系代词 whom 在从句中作宾语,可以 省略)3)由 that 引导的定语从句 关系代词 that 在从句中既可以作主语,又可作宾语;既可指人,又可指物。如:She is the woman that often comes here.她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。 (关系代 词 that 在从句中作主语,指人)The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.桌子上的那本书

5、是我祖父写的。 (关系代词 that 在从句中作主语,指物。此句中的 that 可以用 which 替换)Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词 that 在从句中作宾语,指物。此句中的 that 不能用 which 替换)The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词 that 不能用 which 替换,因为它在此句中既

6、指人又指物)4)由 which 引导的定语从句关系代词 which 一般指物,在从句中可作主语,也可以作宾语。如:He came late, which made the teacher angry.他来晚了,这使老师很生气。 (which 引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语)That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。 (which 引导限定性定语从句,在从句中作宾语,which 可以省略)5) 由 whose 引导的定语从句 关系代词 whose 是 who 的所有格,在从句中作定语,既可指人,又可指物。如:This is

7、the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose 作定语,指人)注:“whose+名词中心词 ”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语,又能作宾语。 whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与 of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”。如:They came to a house wh ose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。Hes written a book the

8、name of which Ive completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书,书的名字我彻底忘了。2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点1)当先行词指人时,许多情况下既可以用 that 也可以用 who,但在下列情况下,宜用who 而不用 that。先行词是 one,ones ,anyone 时,宜用 w ho。如:Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何触犯法律的人都应该受到 惩罚。先行词为 those 时,宜用 who。如:Those who want to see the film sign

9、 up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。一个句子带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用 that,另一个用 who。The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。2)当先行词指物时,许多情况下,既可以用关系代词 which,也可用关系代词 that,但在下列情况中,只能用关系代词 that,而不用 which。在 there+be 的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。如: T

10、here are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 当先行词为主句的表语或者关 系代词为从句的表语时。如:This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。以 Here is (are)开头的句子时。如: Here is a film that wil

11、l move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。It is (high)time+定语从句中。如: It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。当先行词是 way 等词时,关系代词用 that 或者 in which 在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略。如:This is the way that my father did this work.这

12、就是我父亲做此工作的方式。She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用 who 或者 which 引导时,那么另一个从句用that 引导。如:He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far fro

13、m here.我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。当先行词被 the last ,the very 和 the only 修饰时。如:This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。 在强调句子中,并且以 who, which,what 开头时。如:Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用 who 来代替 that,避免重复)What was it that you did

14、last week?你上周究竟做什么了?当先行词前有序数词时。如:You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。当先行词被 all,every ,no,some,few,little,much,both 等修饰时,如:This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth rea

15、ding? 你有值得看的书吗?当先行词既指人又指物时。如:The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。Lets talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。当先行词为 anything,everything,nothing 时,关系代词用 that,不用 which;但用something 时,用 which 或者 that 均可。如:Everythi

16、ng we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。 当先行词是疑问代词 who 时。如: Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?3)that, which,whom 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如:This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。I dont like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如:

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