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1、FirstAidThemainpurposeoffirstaidistoprovidepropercaretosuddenlyillorinjuredpersonsuntilmedicalhelpbecomesavailableor,forproblems thatdonotneedaphysiciansattention.Evenachildcansavealifebyknowingwhattodo.Forexample,by rollinganunconsciouspersonsheadtooneside,anyonecansavethatpersonfromdrowning inhiso
2、wnsalivaorchokingonhistongue.Many first-aidtechniquesareassimple.Othersrequirepreparationinadvance,butalmostanyonecanlearnmostoftheimportantrulesandmethods.急救的定义PartI:BasicRules1. Donotpanic;controlyouremotions.Thenreassurethevictimifhe orsheisconscious.2. Askforhelp.Sendsomeonetocallaphysician,thep
3、oliceorfire department,oranambulance.Askotherstostoptraffic,getsupplies,controlcrowds,etc.Ifyouarealone,goforhelponlyafteryouhavecompletedthemosturgentfirst-aidmeasures. 3.Movethevictimoutofthewayofdanger.Otherwise,donotmovehimuntilprofessionalhelparrives.Ifthevictimmustbelifted,supportallpartsofthe
4、bodyasevenlyaspossible.4.Ifthevictimsclothesorhairisonfireandnowaterisathand,smothertheflamesbycoveringthemwithacoat,orblanketorrollhimon theground.Donottrytobeatoutflameswithyourhands.5. Ifbrightredbloodispouringout,putdirectpressureonthewoundimmediatelywithanycleanclothorwithyourhandorfingers.6. R
5、ollanunconsciouspersonsheadovertotheside.Thiskeepsthetonguefromfallingbackagainstthethroat.Thenquicklyloosentightclothingandcheckforabracelet,necklace,orcardthatmightidentifyandprovideinstructionsforanydisorderthepersonmighthave.7. Ifthevictimhasstoppedbreathing,checkthemouthandthroatwithafingerfora
6、nyobstruction;thenbeginartificialrespirationwhichispartoftheCPR-cardiopulmonaryresuscitation-lifesupporttechniquedescribedbelow.PartII:CPRandLifeSupport心肺复苏和生命支持ThefirstpartofCPR,clearingtheairways清理呼吸道,andthesecondpart,artificialrespiration, 人工呼吸急救法areeasytolearnandareusefulformanylife-threateninge
7、mergencies.Butthethirdpart,externalheartmassage外部心脏按摩,mustbepracticedinadvancetobesureofusingitproperlyandsafely.Ifapersoncollapsesandstopsbreathing, 崩溃和停止呼吸begintheABCsofCPR.DonotgobeyondA(clearingtheairway)ifbreathingresumes恢复,DonotgobeyondB(mouth-to-mouthbreathing)unlessyouarecertainthatthevictim
8、hasnopulse.UseC(chestcompression)onlyifyouhavepreparedyourselfinadvancetodoitproperly.Inallthesteps,useproportionatelyglighterforceforchildren.(A)AirwayClearance 1. Placethevictimonhisbackandsupporttheneck颈部. 2. Lifttheneck把脖子抬起来andtilttheforeheadbackward前额向后倾斜,andthenliftthechinupward抬起下巴。Donotlift
9、orbendtheneckifyouthinkitmightbeinjured.Pushthechinupwardwithoutmovingtheneck. 3. Listenforbreathingbyplacingyourearnearthemouth;meanwhile,watchthechestforsignsofmovement.Ifthepersonisbreathing,rollhimcarefullyontohisside. 4. Ifthereisnosignofbreathingorbreathingisinadequate,openthemouthandremoveany
10、foreignmaterialthatmayinterfere干扰withresuscitation. （B)Breathing 1. Withthevictimsheadintheuptiltedposition头部向上倾斜,pinchthenostrils closed捏住鼻孔,takeadeepbreath,andplaceyourmouthtightlyoverhismouth.Thenblow吹quicklyanddeeplyfourtimes.Aftereachtime,raiseyourmouthandletairescapefromthevictimsmouth.Mouth-t
11、o-noserespirationmaybeusedifthemouthcannotbeopenedorisbadlyinjured.Withsmallchildren,placeyourmouthoverthemouthandnose.你的嘴放在嘴和鼻子上 2. Ifyoufeelresistancetoyourbreath,andthevictimschestdoesnotriseasyouexhaleorfallwhenyoupause,theairwaymaystillbeobstructed堵塞.Bendtheneckbackfartherandliftthechinhigher.(
12、Donotbendaninfantsnecktoofarbackortheairwaywillclose.)Ifnoobstructionisfound,rollthevictimonhissidetowardyouanddeliverfourfirmslapsbetweentheshoulderblades, Thenplacethevictimonhisbackagain,putyourfistjustabovethenavel肚脐,andforcefullybutcarefullypushonce.Thesemovementscombinedmayforceairoutofthelung
13、sandremoveanyobjecttrappeddeeperintheairway.3. Afterassuringanopenairway,checkforapulsebyplacingyourthumbandmiddlefingerontheneckoneithersideofthewindpipe.Ifthereisapulse,resumetheinhalationsandexhalationsattherateofonecycleeveryfiveseconds,or12aminute.Useshallowerbreathsforchildren,about20aminute.Mouth-to-mouthresuscitationmustnotbestoppedformorethan15secondsinadults,proportionatelylessinchildren,untilthevictimisbreathingonhisown.4.Ifthesesignsarepresent
