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1、从高考看学习定语从句应注意的几个问题纵览近五年来的高考试题就不难发现定语从句仍是考查的重点和难点之一。主要考查了一下几个知识点：1. 关系代词和关系副词的用法2. 非限制性定语从句（特别是先行词是整个句子时）3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句4. 关系代词 as 的用法（特别是 as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别）5. 对于表地点和时间的先行词的模糊化一关系代词和关系副词的用法如. 1.（2009，上海）Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Fluteare both museums nowA. wh
2、ere B. when C. there D. which句意： 莫扎特的出生地以及他谱写 The Magic Flute所使用的房子现在都成了博物馆。The house 在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用 where 来引导定语从句。2.(2009,湖南) I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose句意：我出生在路易斯安娜州
3、的新奥尔良，这座城市的名字让我们联想到一幅有着漂亮的树和绿草的图画。先行词是 city，代入定语从句后为： The citys name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. 由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语， 故用 whose.解题要领：1.根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。请谨记下表：宾语定语主语宾语定语指人指物that/who(m)可省略whosethat/whichthat/which 可省略whose关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语在从句作时间状语在从句作
4、原因状语whenwhy2. 当先行词指物时，许多 A） 先行词的重复如：1)This is the house which my father built it five years 关系代词主语 that/whoago.(误)析：which 在从句中代替 the house, 所以应去掉 it。2) That is the factory where my father worked there. (误)析：关系副词 where 已在从句中代替 factory，所以应删除there。 B） 从句中的主谓不一致如：1）Those who breaks rule should be punish
5、ed.析：在定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。所以在上句中的 breaks 应该为 break。2）He was the only one of the students who were late this morning.析：在定语从句中，如先行词为结构 one of + n (复数 )时，且关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词由该复数名词决定，既谓语动词用复数。但当该结构被 the only/very 修饰关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词永远用单数形式。所以该句中的 were 改为 was。C） 关系代词混用如：1）All wh
6、ich you have done is not necessary. 析：在定语从句中当先行词是 all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, much, none, few 等时，定语从句只用 that 引导。所以该句中的 which 改为 that。2）My sister is a lawyer, who she wanted to be.析：当关系代词在从句中作表语，表示身份或职业时用 which。因此此句中的 who 应该为 which。3）This is the house, whose the roof is und
7、er repair.析：注意不要一看到后面是名词就用 whose，一定要分清句意和句子结构。此句中 whose 和 the 都是限定词，所以该句中的 whose 应该为 of which 或去掉 the。D) 从句引导词的选择不当如：1）He is not the man who he used to be2) That was the reason why he told me.3) I ll never forget the day when we spent together.4) We are living in the house which my father lived ten
8、years ago.析：定语从句引导词的选择主要取决于先行词和引导词在从句中所作的成分。句 1）中引导词在从句中作表语而关系代词中定语从句中作表语时，定语从句只能用 that 引导，所以应把 who 该为 that。 句 2）中引导词在从句充当宾语而 why 只能作状语，因而应把 why 该为 which 或 that 或 去掉 why。同理，句 3）中 when 应该为 which 或 that 或去掉 when。但句 4）中从句缺地点状语，因此，可在 which 前加 in 或把 which 该为 where。E) 忽略标点符号如：1）He has three books; none of
9、 _ is very useful.A. which B. whom C. that D. them2) He has three books, none of _ is very useful.A. which B. whom C. that D. them析：句 1）中用的符号时封号，应用代词而不是连词，所以应选 D。句 2）中用的逗号，只能用连词而且先行词是物，Z 所以应选 A。F) 注意定语从句与地点状语从句的区别1. -Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.A. in wh
10、ere B. in which C. the place where D. where2. - Is this the town you always refer to?- Yes, the one_ I visited two years ago.A. which B. where C. in which D. in that析：句 1）是地点状语从句，所以应选 D。句 2）是定语从句而且引导词在从句中作宾语，因而答案是 A。G) 注意定语从句与强调句的区别1. It was in oct,1st,1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. when B. that C. in which D. x2. It was oct,1st,1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. when B. that C. in which D. x析：强调句中去掉强调结构 It is/was that/who ，通过语序调整仍然是一个完整的句子。所以句 1）应是强调句选 B 而句 2）应是定语从句，而且从句中却状语应选 A.
