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1、Miss zhang 1 Unit 1 Body language 动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing ”构成。动名词有动词的特征, 可以跟宾语 , 可以被状语修饰； 它也有名词的特征, 在句子中可以作主语、宾语 ( 包括介词宾语 ) 等。动名词加相关词语( 宾语 或状语等 ) 构成动名词短语。 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如： Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.) 动
2、名词可以作宾语。 A want / need之后用动名词时, 含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你 的车急需修理。)( 被修 )My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。 )( 头发被理 ) B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.( 我忘了给他写封信)( 根本没写 ) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)( 写了却忘了 ) / They stop
3、ped to look back.(他们停下来 向后看 )( 停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)( 不向 后看了 ) C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go 等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the tow
4、n.(我喜欢在镇上转悠) D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时, 与用不定式意思相近或相同。如： We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学 英语了 ) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小 学时就开始学英语了) 动名词可以作表语, 此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情
5、是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正 在 把这些部件拼起来) 动名词与现在分词构成相同, 但是含义不同, 动名词主要表示事情, 而现在分词则主要表示进 行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语 , 作主语 ) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语 , 分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词 , 作定语 ) / His father saw him sitt
6、ing on some eggs.(现在分 词, 作宾补 ) (4) 分词：包含现在分词和过去分词。( 高中学习重点 ) 主要区别： 现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作 已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 A 作定语：分词作定语时, 一般要放在修饰的名词之前, 分词短语作定语时, 则要放在所修饰 的名词之后。如： I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕 ) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Sto
7、p the thief!”( 跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏 玻璃杯 , 所以我很生他的气) B 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。( 参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词 (vt.) 宾语宾语补足语 keep( 保持 ) / see(看到 ) / hear( 听到 ) / watch( 注意到 ) / feel(感觉到 ) sb.
8、/sth. (do)ing 如： Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.( 我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的 东西在我的脚上移动) C 现在分词可以作状语, 表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom, holding a pile Miss zhang
9、2 of papers in her hand.(他走进教室, 手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) D 过去分词可以作表语, 放在连系动词后面, 但要注意不要与被动语态混淆, “主系表”主要 表示状态 ,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried ( 焦虑 ) / be pleased (高兴 ) / be tired (疲劳 ) / get dressed (打扮好 ) / get lost (迷路 ) /
10、get caught (遭遇 ) / beome frustrated (沮丧 ) / become intereted in (对感兴趣 ) 等等。例略。 E 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给 我理了发 )( 注意： have sth. done表示动作由别人来做, 而 have done sth.则为现在完成 时的结构 , 两个结构不可以混淆) 不定式 1 、及物动词 +疑问词 +不定式： 谓语动词 (vt.) +wh-疑 问 词 +不 定 式( 作 宾 语) 说明 tell ( 告诉 ) / show ( 显示
11、 ) / know ( 知 道 ) / ask (问) / find out (发现 ) / understand (明白 ) / wonder(疑惑 ) / learn(学 会 ) / forget(忘 记 ) / remember( 记得 ) / teach sb.(教某人 ) / discuss(商讨 ) what where + how + to (do) who which 不 定 式疑 问 形 式 还可 以 作 句 子的 主 语、表语等。 如： He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to
12、the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for todays homework.( 她 问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎 样上网吗？ ) 2、不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时, 通常用 it代替作形式宾语, 而不定式则后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 词组 1、prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做
13、某事而不愿做某事 2、remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 3、consider doing sth 考虑做某事 4、notice sb doing sth 注意某人正在做某事 5、be always doing sth 总是做某事 6、spend timemoney on sth in doing sth 花费时间、金钱做某事 7、prepare to do sth 准备做某事 高频词组 知识点 1、高频考点词与词组讲解 1、avoid 回避避开后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语 例句： He avoided me as much as possible. 中考链接 Kate
14、 avoided _ my questions. A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answered 考点： _ Miss zhang 3 2、spend 花费常用于 spend timemoney on sth 或 spend timemoney (in)doing sth 例句： He spent much time on his homework. 中考链接 I_ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay 考点： _ 3
15、、forget 忘记常见的有 forget to do sth,意为“忘记做某事”forget doing sth意为“忘记做 过某事” 例句： Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave the room. 中考链接 He forgot _ his mother up, A.ring B.to bring C.bringing 类似的动词有哪些呢？_ 4、depend on 随 .而定 ,依赖 例句： It depends on the weather. 中考链接 Tom couldnt work so he had to _ his family 考点： _ 5、mind 介意 后接动名词、代词或动名词 例句： Would you mind opening the window? 中考链接 I mind _ because I dont like singing. A.sing B.to sing
