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1、基准和额外性 Baselines and additionality,中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China,2020/8/4,1,基准线情景 ：The baseline scenario,基准线（基准线情景）：Baseline （baseline scenario ) 对没有CDM项目活动的情况下，对GHG排放趋势情况的预测 Scenario forecasted to show the trend of anthropogenic GHG emissions that would occ
2、ur in the absence of the proposed CDM project. 项目情景：Project scenario 对有CDM项目活动的情况下，对GHG排放趋势情景的预测 Scenario forecast to show the trend of anthropogenic GHG emissions that would occur with the proposed CDM project intervention.,2020/8/4,2,基准线：Baseline,CDM项目活动的基准线是一种假设情况合理代表在不开展拟议项目活动的情况下的温室气体人为源排放量。基准线
3、应涵盖项目内附件A 所列所有气体部门和源类别的排放量 The baseline for a CDM project activity is the scenario that reasonably represents the anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases that would occur in the absence of the proposed project activity. A baseline shall cover emissions from all gases, sectors and sour
4、ce categories listed in Annex A within the project boundary. 基准线可包含一种假设情况。这种假设情况预计未来人为源排放量因项目东道国的具体情况将超过目前水平 The baseline may include a scenario where future anthropogenic emissions by sources are projected to rise above current levels, due to the specific circumstances of the host Party. CDM modali
5、ties Emissions from a technology that represents an economically attractive course of action, taking into account barriers to investment; The average emissions of similar project activities undertaken in the previous five years, in similar social, economic, environmental and technological circumstan
6、ces, and whose performance is among the top 20 per cent of their category.,基准线方法的选择应从下列各项中选择最适合该项目活动的方法并就其选择说明理由 Select from among the following approaches the one deemed most appropriate for the project activity and justify the appropriateness of your choice:,2020/8/4,4,建立基准线：Establishing a baselin
7、e,以一个具体项目为基础 依照所使用的已批准的或新的方法学之要求 以透明的和保守的方式选择进行方法、假设条件、方法学、数据源、关键因素及额外性，并考虑不确定性 考虑与项目业别有关的国家或产亚政策和具体情况，如产亚改革行动、当地燃料供应、动力部门扩展计划以及其他经济条件 如果小型CDM项目活动，应依简化的程序建立活动，以符合简化的准择要求,On a project-specific basis; In accordance with provisions for the use of approved and new methodologies In a transparent and cons
8、ervative manner manner regarding the choice of approaches, assumptions, methodologies, parameters, data sources, key factors and additionality, and taking into account uncertainty; Taking into account relevant national and/or sector policies and circumstances, such as sector reform initiatives, loca
9、l fuel availability, power sector expansion plans, and the economic situation in the project sector. In the case of small-scale CDM project activities which meet the criteria specified in accordance with simplified procedures developed for such activities;,2020/8/4,5,基准线与额外性：Baseline and additionali
10、ty,Year,GHG emissions t CO,2-,eq,排放基准线 Baseline emissions,存在项目情况下的排放 With project emissions,减排量Emission reductions,项目改善 Abatement project,说明不是常态项目下的减排 Explain why the emission reduction are not business as usual,2020/8/4,6,额外性要求：Additionality requirements,CDM项目的温室气体减排应与减缓气候变化有关的真实的、可测量的和长期的效益 GHG em
11、ission reductions of CDM projects shall be real, measurable, and assure long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change CDM 项目温室气体的减排放应是在没有经证明的项目活动的情况下所产生的额外的所有排放量的减少 GHG emission reductions of CDM projects shall be additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified pr
12、oject activity. Kyoto Protocol, Article 12/ 5(c),清洁发展机制项目活动应具有额外性，即温室气体人为源排放量减少到低于不开展清洁发展机制项目活动情况下会出现的水平 A CDM project activity is additional if anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activi
13、ty. CDM modalities A qualitative or quantitative assessment of different potential options and an indication of why the non-project option is more likely; A qualitative or quantitative assessment of one or more barriers facing the proposed project activity; (An indication that the project type is no
14、t common practice (e.g. occurs in less than x % of all cases),额外性评估是说明以所使用的方法学如何展示该项目具有额外性，并非基准线情景 Additionality assessment is an explanation of how, through the use of the methodology, it can be demonstrated that a project activity is additional and therefore not the baseline scenario.,2020/8/4,8,额
15、外性：引用新法规 Additionality: Introduction of new legislation,E+类：现行国家及（或）产亚政策或法规会造成法规主导市场衰退， 而使排放较大的技术比排放较少的技术/能源的能耗更有竟争性 Type E+: Existing national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that create policy driven market distortions which give comparative advantages to more emissions-intensive technolog
16、ies or fuels over less emissions-intensive technologies or fuels. 只有在” E+类”的国家及（或）产亚政策或法规在COP缔结京都议定书（1997.12.11之decision 1/CP.3)前已实行者，在建立基准线清景可被纳入考虑。如“E+类”的国家及（或）产亚政策或法规在COP缔结京都议定书后才推行者，其基准线清景应以没有此类政策或法规之假设情况为是 -Only “Type E+” national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that have been implemented before adoption of the Kyoto Protocol by the COP (decision 1/CP.3, 11 December 1997) shall be taken into account when developing a baseline scenario. If “Type E+” national and/or
