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1、People aspects of structural change in the Peoples Republic of China,June 21, 20012001年6月21日,中国进行企业结构调整过程中的人员与激励管理,The business of business is business企业重在经营 - Milton Friedman,To get rich is glorious发展才是硬道理 - Deng XiaoPing邓小平,The great object of the political economy of every country, is to increase
2、 the riches and power of that country.,各国政治经济体制的宗旨在于增加该国的财富与实力。 - Adam Smith,Agenda议程,Global overview of privatization lessons全球企业市场化经验概述 Role of government in transition政府部门在过渡过程中所发挥的作用 Executives and Leadership对高层经理与领导者的激励与约束机制 Long-term Incentives pre-listing公司上市前的长期奖励 Compensation Data薪酬数据 What
3、does it all tell us?结论,Lessons from overseas来自海外的经验,US:美国： the worlds most advanced, competitive economy - most economic freedom全球最发达、最富竞争力的经济体制：经济自由度最大 virtually no experience with privatization实际上缺乏企业股份化经验 Japan:日本： culturally, the most similar advanced economy to Japan, but stalled in the modern
4、economy. New hope from market reforms从文化的维度而言，最类似于日本的发达经济，但日本目前处于停滞不前的状态。市场变革带来新的希望,Lessons from overseas来自海外的经验,Western Europe:西欧： Privatization everywhere, led by UK在英国的带动下，各地都在进行股份化 Different tradition regarding employment截然不同的人员聘用传统 If you create monopolies, not much changes若进行垄断，不会出现过多的变革 Compe
5、tition creates wealth竞争创造财富 Need to break up old industries to create competition需要打破原有的行业格局，促进竞争 Workforces reduced, but society richer人员减少，但社会更加富足,Privatization Transition股份化过渡,Different models:不同的模式： Partial privatization部分股份化 Full sale全部出售 listing上市 auction (smaller companies)拍卖(较小型的公司) Giving a
6、way assets to individuals, eg, Czech Republic, Singapore向个人赠送资产，例如：捷克共和国、新加坡,Privatization Transition - UK Water股份化过渡 - UK Water,Longest most recent experience (15+yrs)最长、最新的经验(15年以上) Gradual listings for many companies许多公司逐步上市 previous managers put in charge原有的经理负责进行管理 carefully regulated markets仔细
7、进行市场规约 initial compensation increase followed by move to market pay遵照市场行情来提供最初的加薪 Few “golden shares” (BP, VSEL)极少“黄金股票”(BP，VSEL),Privatization Transition - UK Water股份化过渡 - UK Water,Problems with several industries许多行业所面临的问题 regulated monopolies规约垄断 higher pay for executives, but little behaviour ch
8、ange lower down高层经理薪酬水准提高，但行为变革幅度却有所下降 competition is key竞争是关键 electric/water industries being re-organized for capital reasons: separating supply from distribution鉴于资本方面的原因，对电力/水力行业进行调整：供应与配送分离,Privatization Transition - UK Water股份化过渡 - UK Water,Originally single operation, run regionally最初为单一型地区运营
9、 Employed 100,000员工总数达10万人 Controlled supply, distribution, customer interface, sewerage disposal控制供应、配送、客户关系及污水处理部门 Regional authorities privatized, but remained monopolies.地区权限市场化，但仍存在垄断 Some companies bought by foreigners某些公司为外资所收购,Privatization Transition - UK Water股份化过渡 - UK Water,Government bo
10、dy (OFWAT) set up to regulate, make standards, guarantee prices, etc通过设立政府机构(OFWAT)来进行调控、制定标准和稳定价格等工作 Water companies operated better, but no substantial change, because monopolies still existedWater公司运作情况有所好转，但因仍存在着垄断，并未出现实质性的变化 Government-sponsored restructuring will leave supply separate from dis
11、tribution, separate from billings政府部门所发起的企业结构调整工作将导致供应与配送、核算部门分离,Privatization Transition - UK Water股份化过渡 - UK Water,Supply companies will supply only供应公司将仅仅供应 better capital structure优化资本结构 limits monopoly限制垄断 Distribution and customer interface配送与客户关系部门 Contracted - open to competition商定 - 公开竞争 No
12、w 40,000 employees and falling现有40,000名员工，并正在有所下降 Consumers, producers and government happy客户、生产方和政府均比较满意,China is the samebut China is different!中国亦如此但有其独特之处！,Some differences with US:与美国所存在的一些差异 - 以下是美国市场所表现的特点： Very fluid, competitive labor market充满活力、富有竞争力的人才市场 Highly educated, confident workfor
13、ce高学历、充满自信的人才队伍 Work is a contract between equals在平等的基础上签署工作合同 Very low unionization很少进行联合 Few government-owned enterprises极少存在国有企业 Tradition of wide stock ownership for investment广义的股票投资所有权传统 Strong tradition for rule of law良好的法律传统 Happiness with mix of market and government regulation乐于将市场与政府规章相匹配
14、,The real issue is change真正的问题源于变革,Minor change细微变革 Feels easy感觉容易 Retains govt control保留政府控制 Low prices for assets资产价格较低,Major Change重大变革 Difficult艰难 Loses govt control失去政府控制 High prices代价较高,How far, and how fast?跨度？速度？,Lesson learned in the US来自美国的经验,Three conditions for effective markets:有效的市场所需具
15、备的三个条件： information on companies and markets freely available公司和市场自由运作方面的信息 liquidity - ability to buy and sell easily流通性 - 能够比较容易地进行购买和出售 one set of rules for all一套通用的规则 treat everyone the same一视同仁 minimize discretion最大限度地减少区别,The Talent Solution人才解决方案,Improving Business Results through People 通过人员
16、来改善经营结果.,Business Results经营结果,Business Strategy经营战略,People Requirements人员要求,Employee Needs员工需求,People Practices, Policies, Programs人员方案、政策、计划,Balanced Measurement均衡评估法,Successful private sector companies manage for value成功的私营公司的价值管理模式,Business Process经营程序,People/HR Strategy人员/人力资源战略 Employment Relationship聘用关系,The Talent Solution人才解决方案,Every company is different因公司而异,The Talent Solution人才解决方案,Are they creating the right environment where the right people want to come, stay, and contribute
