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1、汉译英中几个特殊的问题,第一章 文化词语的翻译,物质文化词语 食物: 馒头 steamed bread 窝窝头 Wowotou 服饰: 对襟衣: mandarin coats 或button-down jackets 中山装: Maos suit/jacket,物品: 加工食物用的筛子 boult 筷子 chopsticks 宣纸 rice paper 砚台 inkstone 毛笔 brush 古代人身上背的褡裢 A pouch worn at the girdle; Long rectangular bag worn round the waist or across the shoulde
2、r,精神文化词语 宗教类: 城隍庙: town god 门神: door god 灶爷: The god of the hearth 寿星: God of the longevity 太岁: God of the year,(一)音译法 豆腐 toufu 饺子 jiaozi 算盘 suanpan 老子 Loats 孔子(孔夫子) Confucius,2.音译加解释法 中国传统乐器,二胡: The erhu fiddle 古典诗词,词: the Ci Poetry 戏曲里的角色,生: Sheng, the chief male 古代的器皿, 尊:Zun, wine vessel 鬲:Li, ho
3、llow-legged tripod vessels,压岁钱: To present children with newly printed cash as Yasuiqian, or gift money, is one ritual of Chinese in Celebrating Lunar New Year.(2006-1-31 Chinadaily) 2008年奥运吉祥物福娃. Fuwa, the five mascots of the 2008 Beijing Olympic games. They are Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying
4、 and Nini, which means “Beijing welcomes you” in Chinese.,3. 音译加注释 这一夜没有月,未庄在黑暗里很寂静,寂静到像羲皇时候一般太平. Wei Village lay very quiet in the darkness, as quiet as it might have lain during the reign of Fu Xi. Legendary ruler of high antiquity under whose idyllic reign China prospered in peace and tranquility
5、.,( 直译法) 1.直译加解释法 黄白之术 The art of the “yellow and white”, or the transmutation of base metals into gold and silver.,尼姑待他们走后,定了神来检点,龙牌固然已经碎在地上了,而且又不见了观音娘娘座前的一个宣德炉.(阿Q正传) The nun, pulling herself tighter after they had gone, made an inspection. Naturally the imperial tablet had been smashed into fragm
6、ents on the ground, and the valuable Hsuan Te censer before the shrine of Kuanyin, the goddess of mercy, had also disappeared.(杨宪益,戴乃迭译),2.直译加注释 (1)从此空空道人因空见色,由色生情,传情入色,自色悟空 As a consequence of all this, Vanitas, starting off in the Void(which is truth) came to the contemplation of Form(which is ill
7、usion); and from Form engerdered Passion; and by communication Passion, entered again into Form; and from Form awoke to the Void (which is truth),(2) 孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,生死之地,存亡之道,不可不察也. Sun Tzu said: What is war? It may be described as one of the most important affairs to the state or life of both soldiers
8、 and people, and the way* that governs the survival or the ruins of the state. So we must deliberately examine and study it.,(三)意译法 (1)他写了一封”黄伞格”的信,托假洋鬼子带上城,而且托他给自己绍介绍介,去进自由党. He had written an extremely formal letter, and asked the Imitation Foreign Devil to take it to town; he had also asked the l
9、atter to introduce him to the Liberty Party.,(2)人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮. If other women are jealous, shes a hundred times so!,成语的翻译,(一)比喻丰富 1.喻体,喻义相似 趁热打铁 To strike while the iron is hot 如履薄冰 To be on the thin ice 破釜沉舟 To burn ones boat,2.喻义相似,喻体不同 骨瘦如柴 As thin as a rail 一贫如洗 As poor as a church mouse 血流如注 T
10、o bleed like a pig,3.喻体多种,喻义相似 左右为难 Between the devil and the deep sea 无所适从 Between two fires,(二)形象生动 1.汉语形象具体,英语形象含蓄 声色俱厉 to put on screws 大言不惭 to turn geese into swan,2.汉语形象含蓄,英语形象具体 一清二楚 As clear as crystal 格格不入 A square peg in a round hole 循规蹈矩 As regular as a clock work,(三)对偶鲜明 1.顺对(同义对) 扬眉吐气 t
11、o hold ones head high 哗众取宠to play to the gallery 烟消云散 to turn to dust,2.逆对(反义对) 声东击西 To shoot at a pigeon and kill a crow 有恃无恐 To count on ones own cards 得不偿失 The game is not worth the candle,Exercises,To fish for praise Castles in the air To show the cloven hoof To hang by a hair,沽名钓誉,空中楼阁,漏出马脚,千钧一
12、发,A stitch in time saves nine. 一针及时省九针. No mill, no meal.不磨面,不吃饭. Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有半块面包总比没有好. If you run after two hares, youll catch neither. 同时追两兔,全都抓不住.,To carry coals to Newcastle 多此一举 A hundred to one, it will be a success. 这绝对会成功. Out of the frying-pan into the fire 每况愈下 H
13、ang on somebodys lips 对某人言听计从,She is now between the devil and deep sea on this matter. 她在这个问题上是进退维谷. Everyman has a fool in his sleeve. 人人都有糊涂的时候. The matter was finally settled under the table. 事件终于私下解决了. This testimony puts quite a new face on the whole matter. 这个证词使整个事情完全改观了.,Burn ones boat 破釜沉舟
14、 A drop in the bucket 沧海一粟 She always throws her cares to the winds. 她总是把忧愁抛到九霄云外. To make a mountain out of a molehill Turn over a new leaf 洗心革面,Jump out of ones skin 魂不附体 To kick down the ladder 过河拆桥 After ones heart 正中下怀 To fish in air 缘木求鱼 He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 玩火者必自焚,二
15、汉语成语的英译 (一)套译法 1.我没想到他对别人的批评竟充耳不闻. I didnt expect him to turn a deaf ear to other peoples criticism. 2.今既入了这园,再遇湘云,香菱,芳,蕊 一干女子,所谓”人以类聚,物以群分”,此语不错. Coming here now and meeting Hsiang-yun, Hsiang-ling, Fang-kuan, Rui-kuan and the other girls, it was a genuine case “like attracts like” or “Birds of a f
16、eather flock together”.,(二)直译法 1.她咯咯地笑着说:”这叫画饼充饥”. Now she chuckled an commented:” Thats called “drawing a cake to satisfy your hunger. 2.司马昭之心,固已路人皆知. This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street. Sima zhao was a prime minister of Wei (220-265) who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once remarked:” Sima Zhaos intention is obvious to every man in the street.,(三)意译法 谭招弟碰不得吗?你是三头六臂,我也敢碰. Is Tan Chao-ti some sacred being that no one
