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1、高三英语精品资源高考英语语法复习之虚拟语气精讲精练一.既定模式中的虚拟语气：A.由if 构成的虚拟语气: If引导一个条件句,含义为”如果/假如”(在宾语从句中=whether”是否”时除外)可以用来表示两种条件:(1) 可实现的假设条件(这种假设只可发生在将来,即:说话之后),此时,if从句被称为:真实条件句,其引导的主从句的时态对应关系如下:if + SA + P(仅用一般现在时或am/is/are going to do; am/is/are to do=want/plan to do), SB + P(一般现在/一般将来)(2)不可实现的假设条件,即,虚拟条件.这种假设可以针对:现在(
2、说话时及目前阶段);过去(说话前)及将来.但都无法实现. 此时,if 从句与主句的时态对应关系如下表所示:假 设 情 况If从句中的动词形式主句中的动词形式对 现 在S+P(一般过去时/be动词常用were)S+P(would/should/could/might+be/do sth/be done)对 过 去S+P(过去完成时:had been/had done sth/had been doneS+P(would/should/could/might+have been/done)对 将 来S+P:(1)一般过去(2) were to do(3) should be/do sthS+Pwo
3、uld/should/could/might+be/do sth例:1. If they_(get) to the booking office earlier, they would have got some tickets.(had got)2. If you_(make) the same mistake later, you would be punished.(made, were to make, should make)3. If the doctor_(send) for without delay, the boy would still be alive.(had bee
4、n sent 注意:本句为交叉虚拟式)4. If he _(receive) three more votes, he would be our principal now.(had received注意:本句为交叉虚拟式)掌握方法:1.判断if从句是真实还是虚拟句2.判断所假设的的情况的所在时间区域3.背熟主,从句的时态对应关系4.记忆技巧:条件句中的时态比虚拟情况早一个时态!B.用wish或if only引导一个从句表示一种无法实现的愿望:要是就好了/旦愿 从句时态变化如下现在无法实现过去无法实现将来无法实现(sb)wish(that)if onlyS+P(一般过去时)be动词常用were
5、S+P(过去完成时)S+P:would/shouldcould/might+be/do sth/be done注意:wish与hope的区别:(1) hope that从句表示一个可以实现的愿望(2) hope不可用于:hope sb + sth(祝福语)的表达!二.特定词汇后面的虚拟语气:A.特定动词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestadviserecommend(that)S+(should)+bedobe done命令ordercommand同上请求demanddesirerequestrequireinsisturge 同上注意:(1)当suggest的主语为sth
6、时,其含义为暗示/表明;后面的从句用正常形式 (2)当insist的含义为:坚持说/坚持认为/坚持表白时,后面的从句用正常形式B.特定名词后面的that从句(同位语从句)中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestionadvicerecommendationthat S+(should)+bedobe done命令ordercommand 同上请求demanddesirerequestrequirement 同上C.特定形容词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:It + is(be)importantstrangenecessaryessentialesirablenaturalthat S+(sh
7、ould)+bedobe done三.固定句式中that从句后的虚拟语气:A.It is (high,right) time (that) +S + P(一般过去时/should be/do;should不可省) It is time(that) you_(go) to bed.B.(1)sbA would rather sbB + P(一般过去):对现在或将来情况;A希望/旦愿B(现在/将)就好了.Id rather he_(be) present at this/tomorrows conference.(were) (2)sbA would rather sbB+P(过去完成时):对过去
8、情况;A希望/旦愿B那时/曾 就好了.Id rather you_(pass) that difficult exam.(had passed)四.到装虚拟式: 当if条件句中为:If S+P(were/had done/should do sth)时可变为: Were/Had/Should + S +P(适当形式) ,主句不变1.) If it were summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.=Were it summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.2.) If he had come to school yester
9、day, he would have seen the film star.=Had he come to school yesterday, he would have seen the film star.3.) If I were you , I wouldnt go.=Were I you, I wouldnt go.4.) If he should be in Nanjing next week, we could go to the party together.=Should he be in Nanjing next week, we could go to the party
10、 together.二.非既定模式中的虚拟语气:A. But for sb/sthA, SB + P(虚拟式)=If it be not because of A/if there be no A,如果要不是因为A/要是没有A, B就(SB后面的虚拟形式要根据A的假设情况而定)1.) But for the heavy rain yesterday, we _(not stay) at home.(wouldnt have stayed)2.) But for his great effort, he _(not pass) the exam so easily.(wouldnt have p
11、assed)B. 1.)Without sb/sthA, SB + P如果没有A,B就2.)With sb/sthA, SB + P 如果有A, B就注意:由于without, with可以相当于一个if从句的功能,因此,解题时应首先读出其相当于一个真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,再确定SB后面的谓语形式.1.) Without the pills, you _(have) another sleepless night.(will have)2.) Without the pills, you _(not have) such a good sleep.(wouldnt have had)3.)
12、With the further development of modern agriculture, consumers_(supply) with more green food.(will be supplied)4.) With a pair of wings like a bird, you _(fly) in the sky.(could fly)C. (1.) SA + P(一般过去), + or / otherwise + SB + P(would/should/could/might have done) I was busy, or / otherwise I would
13、have joined you in the picnic. (2.) SA + P(would/should/could/might do) + but + SB + P(一般现在) I would help you but I am busy. (3.) SA + P(would/should/could/might have done) + but + SB + P(一般过去) I would have helped you but I was busy. 练习.虚拟语气(一)1. The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before.
14、A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should ha
