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1、2021届高中英语新高考语法考点复习讲义(五)时态语态命题解题方法法(含语法填空单句改错针对练习与解析)动词的时态语态,在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中是考查的重点,在语法填空和短文改错中是必考内容,其重要性不言而喻。命题法1:句中有明显时间状语典例1: In recent years,stress _(regard)as a cause ofa whole range of madical problems.【答案】has been regarded 句中时间状语in recent years是现在完成时的标志,再根据主谓被动关系,选择被动语态。【解题法】做时态题首先看整个句子中是否有明显的时间
2、状语,如果有,判断时间状语表示的时间,所以要牢记一些典型的时间状语,如过去时的时间状语:ago,the other day,in 1997,in the past等,现在完成时的时间状语:so far, up to now, ever since,in the past/last few years等。命题法2:句中没有明显的时间状语典例2: A boy on a bike _ (catch) myattention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.答案caught 句中没有明确的时间状语,但根据语境中的was riding可
3、知,叙述过去的事情。【解题法】语境能够提示动作发生的时间和背景。在语法填空中,考查动词的时态是给出提示词的。首先分析句子结构,判断句中缺少谓语动词,再结合语境,得出这个动作应该发生在什么时候,最后选择相应的时态。在短文改错中,首先通读全文确定全文的主要时态,再结合语境,判断并选择正确的时态。命题法3:在主从复合句中考查时态语态典例3:It was raining when I _ (arrive)there. 答案arrived 分析句子结构可知,when引导时间状语从句,设空处在从句中作谓语,根据本句中的was raining可知,此处应该用一般过去时。典例4: 改错If we will n
4、ot start now,well be late. 答案willdo条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。【解题法】要了解主从复合句前后时态的呼应:如果主句是一般将来时,那么在由when, before, until, if, as soon as等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时;若主句为一般过去时,则从句也用相应的过去的某种时态。命题法 4:固定句式中考查时态语态。典例5: lt is the first time that l _(visit) the Summer Palace.答案have visited【解题法】熟记一些固定句式,如 lt i
5、s/was the first/second.that sb. have done/had done.;It i s/was段时间+since sb. +过去时/过去完成时;hardly.when;no sooner. than 等。【总结经验】关注句中“动作与时间”时态语态不分家分清谓语和非谓语时态语态单句语法填空1Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and_ (write) his essay there ever since.2.At college, Barack
6、 Obama didnt know that he_(become) the first black president of the United States of America.3.The reports went missing in2012 and nobody _(see) them since.4Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy rightnow. I _(fill) in an application form for a new job.5.She _(phone) someone, soI nodded to her and went
7、away.6.Sunny Taxi Service. Can I help you?My plane_(take)off at 11:30in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 oclock?7.Jack doesnt smoke now, but he_(smoke) for almost twenty years.8.I_(drink) a cup of coffee when a new idea occurred to me.9.Im afraid I cant recognize Ann when we meet, fo
8、r I _(see) her for 30 years.10.In order to make up the missing notes, he _(try) his best to spend as much spare time as possible doing this job these days.11.To my delight,I_(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.12.It is reported that a space station_(build) on the moon
9、 in years to come.13.It _(report) that many people die of traffic accidents each year.14.The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project_(finish) by the students independently.15.Unless some extra money_(find),the theatrewill close.16Whats up? The house is in a mess.Oh, I forgot t
10、o tell you. It_(paint)17“Remember to put on more clothes,”Mother said on the phone.“Cold weather _ (expect) to come tomorrow morning.”18Excuse me, is the book “Gonewith the Wind” by Margaret Mitchell available now?Sorry, but it _(sell) so well that we dont have any in store.19.That must have been a
11、terrible experience .Yeah. I _(stick) in the damaged car, unable to move.20.This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it _ (cut) well.【Answers】1has been writing句意:彼特在哪?我哪也找不到他。早饭后他去了图书馆,从那以后他一直在那写论文。根据句中的时间状语ever since可知,write这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。2was to become/would become句意:
12、在上大学时,巴拉克奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一位黑人总统。根据句意可知,“上大学”发生在过去,从过去的时间看将来,要用过去将来时。3has seen句意:这些报告在2012年就丢失了,此后再也没人见到过它们。由题干中的since可知,本题应用现在完成时。4am filling句意:嗨!让我们去滑冰吧!很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表。此处表示正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时。5was phoning句意:她当时正在给别人打电话,因此我朝她点了一下头就走开了。根据句意可知,此处表示“当时她正在打电话”,所以用过去进行时。6takes句意:阳光出租车服务。我能帮您吗?我要乘坐的航班上午11
13、:30起飞,你能在9点前派一辆出租车吗?介绍飞机、火车等公共交通工具的时刻表常用一般现在时。7smoked句意:杰克现在不抽烟了,但他(曾经)抽了近20年。题干中有延续性的时间状语foralmost twenty years,表示的是与现在无关的过去动作,应该用一般过去时。8was drinking句意:我正在喝咖啡时突然想出来一个好主意。从occurred可知主句表示过去的动作正在进行,故用过去进行时。9have not seen句意:恐怕当我们相见时我都认不出Ann了,因为我30年没见她了。此处指从过去到现在已经30年了,故用现在完成时。10has been trying/ is tryi
14、ng句意:为了补丢失的笔记,他这些天一直在努力用尽可能多的业余时间做这项工作。根据句意及these days可知,此处强调从过去某个时间开始到现在一直在做的事情,因此最好用现在完成进行时。如用正在进行时也可以,表示最近这些天来正在做的事。11was chosen句意:令我高兴的是,在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先,句子主语I和choose是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;其次,本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述,所以用一般过去时,故用was chosen。12. willbe built句意:据报道在未来的几年里(人们)将在月球上建立空间站。根据分析可知,aspace station与bu
15、ild之间是被动关系,又由in years to come“在未来的几年里”可知,用一般将来时,故用willbe built。13.is reported句意:据报道每年很多人死于交通事故。根据each year 用现在是的被动语态。14had been finished句意:教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。根据分析可知,finish这个动作发生在was delighted to find之前,应该用过去完成时,又因project和finish之间是被动关系,故用hadbeen finished。15is found句意:除非我们能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。主句用一般将来时,