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1、重庆大学版 高二(6) Unit 1,英语课件,Language points,Unit 1 Protecting Our Environment,1. The coqui frog population has been increasing in Hawaii since 1988, but just recently exploded.,since 引导的状语（从句），要注意主句和从句中动词时态的考查。,一since作为介词，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。,1. He left the village in 1982
2、 and I havent seen him since then. 1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。 2. Shes been working in a bank since leaving school. 她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。 3. He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。,二since作为副词，表示从过去以来、以后或到现在的情形或状态，常与现在完成时态连用。 1. He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from
3、 him since. 他两周前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。 2. He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since. 他6年前来到镇江，从此便住在这里。,三since引导时间状语从句 1. 若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性 动词的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。例如：,He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努 力。,We have been missing them sin
4、ce they left here. 自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。,Since I left college, I have not seen him. 自从我离开大学以后, 就没有见过他了。,They have never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我生病之后, 他们一直没来看过我。,2. 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去时态，则从句表示的时间是“从句动作或状态结束时算起”。例如： I havent heard any noise since I slept. sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作
5、结束时，即“醒来”时，所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。,3. 若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。例如： I havent heard from him since he has lived there。 这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。,四since在特殊句型中的应用 句型I：“It is （has been）+ 时间 + since +持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从
6、以来到现在已有多久。”,It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。,句型II：“It was + 时间 + since + 持续性动词的过去完成时”, 表示“从到过去某时间点以来”。 It was three years since we had been here. 那时我们在这已呆了三年。,It is three years since I have seen him. 我已经三年没见到他了。,(05 京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each o
7、ther last time. A. Before B. since C. after D. when,【解析】本题考查since的用法。 “It is (has been) + 时间 + since + 持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从以来到现在已有多久。”,B,考题：-Has he been home? -_, he _ home since he graduated. A. No; hasnt been B. Yes; has been C. No; isnt D. Yes; is,【解析】本题考查since的用法。“since引导的时间状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时，则从句的时间是
8、“从动作开始的那一时刻算起”。 “he hasnt been home since he graduated”表示“自从他毕业以来，他就离开了家”。,A,population用法：,一、population常与定冠词the连用, 作主语用时, 谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the worlds population was about 1,700 million. 在二
9、十世纪初, 全世界的人口大约是十七亿。,二、当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、 几分之几”时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。,三、有时population可用作可数名词, 其前 可用不定冠词。 China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中国大约有十三亿人口。 New York is a bi
10、g city with a population of over 10 million. 纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。,population用法：,四、表示人口的“多”或“少”, 不用“much”或“little”, 而要用“large”或“small”。 India has a large population. 印度人口众多。 Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。,五、询问某国、某地有多少人口时, 不用 “How much.?”, 而用“How large.?”; 在问具体人口时用“What.?”。例如: -How large is th
11、e population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口? -The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours. 我们家乡的人口是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。,-What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? -The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。,六、population还表示“某地、某类的动、 植物或物品的总数”。 In India, however
12、, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989. 然而在印度, 老虎的总数已从1972年的2,000只增长到了1989年的大约5,000只。,I had planned to visit you on the way to Shanghai, but an unexpected thing happened at that time. = I planned to have visited you on the way to shanghai, but 注意这两句时态的变更，
13、意思不变。,2. They were believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants.,此句是一般过去时态的被动语态。注意动词不定式是完成式被动语态，表示动作发生在believed之前。,bring in的用法：,(1) 收获(庄稼等)。 We brought in a good harvest last year. 我们去年获得了好的收成。 (2) 获利，(使)得到(收入)。 The sale of the house only brought in about $45,000. 房子只卖了大约4500
14、0美元。,(3) 介绍，引进。He brought in six new members last month. 他上个月介绍了六位新会员。 (4) 聘请。Theyve brought in experts to advise on the scheme. 他们已聘请专家对这项计划提出意见。 (5) 逮捕，抓入警察局。Two suspicious characters were brought in. 两个可疑的人被逮捕。,3. They have quickly spread around the Hawaiian Islands, hidden in plants.,此句中hidden i
15、n plants和designed to stop the spread of the coqui均为定语，分别修饰they和efforts，相当于定语从句which are hidden in plants和which are designed to stop the spread of the coqui.,过去分词作定语的用法：,There are many efforts in Hawaii designed to stop the spread of the coqui.,过去分词作定语,1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置,及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成 的意义。,a brok
16、en cup a wounded soldier an unexpected guest the excited crowd,A cup which is broken,A soldier who was wounded,A guest who is unexpected,The crowd who were excited,c)有时通过一个名词或数词加另一个名词的 过去分词可以构成生动形象的复合形容词。 * a three-legged table * a one-eyed general * an honest-faced man,a grown woman a retired officer,A woman who has grown,A officer who has retired,b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和 完成意义。,2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作 用相当于定语从句。,
