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1、浅谈 that 在从句中的用法摘要：that 在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到它，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用 that 这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别是 that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。关键词：that 用法 1.主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4.同位语从句 5. 目的状语从句 6.定语从句that 在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到的字，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用 that 这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别
2、是 that 在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。但考试中又常出现，让我们和学生都比较头痛。我觉得要解决这个问题，首先要让学生弄清 that 在所引导的从句中它的词性，然后结合实例分析，这样学生就可一目了然了。具体来说，that 可作连词或关系代词。具体的作用如下：一that 引导主语从句(subject clauses)，在句中充当主语的成分。that 在句中无实义，但放在句首时不能省略：athat the attempt to save her had succeeded became widely known.bthat they did not tell us abou
3、t their problems is a pity.这种结构主要是对 that 从句的内容进行强调，属正式文体，that the attempt to save her had succeeded 和 that they did not tell us about their problems 在句中都分别作了主语。但为了避免显得头重脚轻，常把 that 从句移到句子后面，而把 it 放在句首，作形式主语，此时 that 可以省。上面两个句子就可改为:a. it is widely known (that) the attempt to save her had succeededb. it
4、 is a pity (that) they did not tell us about their problems.如果整个句子是疑问形式，就只能用先行 it 结构,例如：a. is it true that he would take the risk ?b. is it possible that they will come tomorrow ?在主语从句中， 常使用先行 it 结构，用 that 从句作主语的句子主要有下列几个句型：(1)、it + be + 形容词 + that 从句：it is necessary that you come to school every su
5、nday.its strange that she should gain the full marks.(2)、it + be + 名词词组 + that 从句：its a great pity that you such a stupid idea that day.(3)、 it + 及物动词 + 宾语 + that 从句：it worried her a bit that she became fatter and fatter.it shocked me that peter didnt tell anybody where he was.(4)、 it + be + 过去分词 +
6、that 从句：it is said that he has been there many times.(5)、：在一些谓语动词为不及物动词（如：appear，happen， seem， turn out 等）的句子中，主语从句也后置，而把 it 放在句首，作形式主语。it happened that i saw your brother yesterday。it seems that he has lost something.注意：在上述第(1)和第(2)两种句型中，that 从句前置与使用先行 it，that 从句后置在意义上没有什么差异；但使用先行 it 结构较为常见。二 。 tha
7、t 引导宾语从句(object clauses)，放在动词、介词和一些表示人的感情或情绪的形容词后面，在句中充当宾语的成分，口语中 that 常省略。这类动词常为及物动词如 say，tell，ask，think ，declare，reply，require ，etc；形容词如afraid，certain，glad，angry ，aware，grateful，anxious ，delighted ，pleased，satisfied，surprised，sad，etc。a. she said (that) she would come。 b. do you remember (that) he
8、has ever told us an interesting story?c. im sorry (that) i can do nothing for you。三. that 引导表语从句(predicative clauses)，放在联系动词后，在句中充当表语的成分。此时 that 也无实义, 但不可省。例如：a. our wishes were that you leave here at once.b. my suggestion is that a few more people be sent there to help them.要注意的是，当主语是 the reason、th
9、e cause 时，为了避免含义上的重复，其后的表语从句一般也不再使用 because 引导，而用 that。a. the trouble is that we are short of money。b. the reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus。 四 that 引导同位语从句(appositive clauses)，放在名词的后面，补充说明名词的内容等。这种名词有 fact，idea ， belief， conclusion， confidence，doubt，duty，evidence，feeling，hope ，
10、idea，impression，information，knowledge，law，news，notion，opinion ， order， proof， proposal，rule，suggestion，theory，thought，truth ，view，etc 。此时that 也无实义，但也不可省。a. the fact that he failed in the exam made us surprised。b. we are delighted at the news that our delegate won the first prize in the speech contes
11、t。五that 引导目的状语从句(clauses of purpose)，如 sothat， in order that， for fear that 等；结果状语从句 (clauses of result)，如so(such)that，(so)that 等；条件状语从句(clauses of condition) ，如：provided that， on condition that, supposing that 等；原因状语从句(clauses of reason or cause)，如：now that 等。要区别 sothat 引导的从句到底是表结果的还是表目的的状语从句，一般情况可
12、以看从句中是否有这样一些词： may，might， shall， should，can，could，will ，would 等情态动词。如果有，该从句可判定为目的状语从句。 abring it nearer (so) that i may see it better (clause of purpose)。b. his behavior was so bad that we all refused to receive him in our homes（clause of result） 。c. now that the weather has improved, we will be abl
13、e to enjoy the game （clause of reason） 。d. he will lend you the money on condition that you return it in 6 months （clause of condition） 。六引导名词性从句中的定语从句，而且只能是限定性定语从句。（1）可指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。指物时可换为 which,指人时可换为 who (作主语，但 who 更常用)或 whom(作宾语 ,在日常口语中常用 that)。作宾语时可省略。 a. the letter that/which came this morn
14、ing is from my father。b. here are the books ( that ) i borrowed last week.c. the woman (whom/that) spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door. . 但如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用 which 和 who 都不可以，只能用 that。a. we know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talkin
15、g about. b. there are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.(2) 当先行词是 everything ，anything, nothing, somebody, the little, the few, much, all 等不定代词时，定语从句由 that 引导。a. anyone that wants to succeed must work hard。b. the book contains a good deal that is boring and unnecessary 。(3 )当先行词被形容词的最高级，序数词
16、或 the only, last, every, some, any, very, next,等修饰时，定语从句由 that 引导。先行词表人时，也可用 who，但更常用 that。a. he was one of the strongest men that we have ever seen。b. you are the only person that can help me。c. the first book that he wrote is not very popular。(4) 可引导强调句型，即 it is/was+强调部分+that 从句。当强调部分表人时，也可用 who，但更常用 that.its you that i want to talk to。 从上面可以看出，在同位语从句和定语从句中，that 都可放在名词后面。怎样区分一个名词后的从句是定语从句还是宾语从句？我们先来看两个句子：a. i had no
