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1、1语法专题一 定语从句考点分析与突破定语从句是中学英语教学的语法重点，也是高考热点。在 2009 年全国 19 套高考题中对定语从句子的考查总共出现了 16 次，在 2010 年全国 19 套高考题中出现 14 次。下面结合高考题来归纳一下定语从句的几大考点：考点一：关系代词、关系副词的理解和选择备考清单定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词有如下三种功能：在从句的开头引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从句关系；替代先行词且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时可省（如引导词在从句中作宾语时） ；在定语从句中充当适当的成分。1当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如 day, time, place, fact
2、ory, reason 等作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，用 where, when 和 why 引导定语从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，就用 that 或 which 试比较：This is the factory where I once worked.This is the factory which/ that Ive visited.The day that/ which I always remember is Oct.1.The day when Nanjing was liberated is Sept.11.The reason why he hasnt come is tha
3、t he has been ill.Dont believe the reason which/ that he gave you.2，关系词引导定语从句修饰人并在从句中作主语时用 who 或 that，在从句中作宾语时用 who, whom, that 或把关系词省略掉，但在介词后面只能用 whom；引导从句并修饰物时用 which 或 that；在从句中作定语指人或物，表示“的”时用 whose。如：Do you know the student who/that left a moment ago?Do you know the student about whom hes talkin
4、g?Hes the man( that/who/whom) you can depend on.Do you know the student whose father is an engineer?The train that/which has just left is for HongKong.3that 和 which 在引导定语从句指物时，如果先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身是不定代词，如 all, everything, nothing, none 等时，或者先行词被theonly, the very, just the, any 等修饰时不能用 which 而
5、只能用 that。如：This is the very magazine( that)I am after.You can take any book you like.4. 当修饰的名词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，诸如：activity, case, point state，stage, situation 等意指“情况、情形、形势”时，引导词常用 where 或介词 which 。 如： （06 山东 26. ）Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. wh
6、ere B. that C. when D. which2由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，现对 where 定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 pointYou reach a point where medicine cant he
7、lp. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。注：有时 point 也可以是具体的地点：Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设 AB 线与 CD 线的相交点为 E。The accident happened at the point whe
8、re the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在 A15 与 M1 交叉的十字路口。where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty 一词可用作副词。Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 activ
9、ityThose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 situationHe got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。If you risk something important, you cause it
10、 to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 positionIts put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 jobShe wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上
11、用场的工作。例 1：(2010 湖北卷，77) My mother was so proud of all （我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)答案: ( that) I had done例 2: ( 2010 重庆, 28) In China, the number of cities （在提升其发展）is recognized across the world. (whose)答案：is increasing whose development例 3:(2010 全国，16)I refuse to accept th
12、e blame for something 3（其他人的错误） (fault)答案：that was someone elses /others fault 当修饰先行词 something 或者其他不定代词时，用 that 引导定语从名。例 4. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (全国 I)A. then B. there C. while D. where答案 D例 5. Those successful deaf dancers think tha
13、t dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)A. when B. whose C. which D. where答案 D例 6. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)答案 DA. which B. as C. why D. where例 7. After graduation she reached a point in her career _
14、 she had to decide what to do. (江西卷 )答案 DA. that B. what C. which D. where【即时巩固练习】1. (2010 湖南，28)1ve become good friends with several of the students in my school_(我结识）in the English speech contest last year.( meet)答案：who I met 。解析：考查定语从句。who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 students。句意为：我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。2.
15、(2010 福建，24) Stephen Hawking believes that the each is unlikely to be the only planet（生命逐渐形成） ( life)答案：whereon which life has developed gradually。解析：考查定语从句关系副词的选用。句意为：霍金认为地球不太可能是生命逐渐形成的唯一星球。3. (09 全国 II,17) My friend showed me round the town, (他真是太好了） ( kind)答案：which was very kind of him解析：考查非限制性定语从句。从句中的 which 指代前面整个句子。考点二：定语从句与别的从句或强调结构的区别，定语从句与非谓语动词的重叠考查备考清单1定语从句与强调结构的区别：两者十分相似，稍不注意就会出错。判断是否是强调结构的方法是采用删除法，即去掉 it is/was 及连接词部分，若整个句子结构和意义不受影响则为强调结构。例如高考题：Was it during the Second World_ he died?去掉 was it 及填空处连接词，其结构正确，故只能看作强调结构。4例 1：
