定语从句考点、热点问题及定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分和专题练习整理

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1、一、定语从句考点及热点问题定语从句是中学英语学习的主要语法内容之一,也是高考英语的常考知识点。在历年的高考试题中,相对集中地考查了非限定性定语从句、关系代(副)词的用法、语义重复、主谓一致及“介词which(whom) ”等有关定语从句的知识。下面以近十年来全国及上海高考题为例,谈谈定语从句的主要考点及其热点问题。 一、非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点,99 年和 2000 年都有这类考题。 1引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用 which(不用 that) 。例如(MET91): She heard the terrible noise ,_ brought her hea

2、rt into her mouth Ait Bwhich Cthis Dthat 答案是 B,which 指代前面的先行词 noise,引导非限定性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。2有时引导词 which 可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如(NMET2000): Dorothy was always spe aking highly of her role in the play,_ ,of course , made the others unhappy Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat(Key:B) 3除 which 外,还可用 when,where , who(m )等关系代、副词

3、引导非限定性定语从句。例如: Finally I decided to stay in Chong qing, where I finished my college study 4在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省。例如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved as his own mother 5置于句首时,非限定性定语从句只能用 as 引导,而置于句末时 as 和 which 都可用。例如(上海高考题 94): _ is known to al

4、l,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 yearstime AThat ;advancing BThis ;advanced CAs ;advanced DIt;advancing 答案是 C。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时,只能用 which 引导。例如(NM ET94): The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dif 答案是 B,句中的 more than 的本意为“超过” , “超

5、过了我的预料”即为“我没有预料到” 。这里不能用 as 代替 which。 二、先行词是表地点或时间的名词时,引导词的选择。例如(NMET96): After living in Paris for 50years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a childAwhich Bwhere Cthat D when 答案是 B,因为表地点的先行词 the small town 在从句中作状语;当表地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时,则要用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。例如: I visited the country wh

6、ich that had been bombed by the US-led NATO(美国为首的北约)a month before I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the countryside with the farmers ,_ has a great effect on my life (上海高考题 94) Athat;which Bwhen ; which Cwhich;that D when;who(Ke y:B) Ill never forget the ye ars that which I spent with my

7、cousin in Australia 先行词 the years 在第句中作时间状语,在第 句中作 spe nt 的宾语,此时引导词 that which 可省略。 三、 “介词关系代词(which whom) ”引导的定语从句。例如(上海高考题 95): In the office I neve r seem to have time until after 5:30 pm _ ,many people have gone home Awhose time Bthat Con which Dby which time 答案是 D,by which time 即 by“after 5:30”

8、 “到五点三十分以后” 。介词的选择,取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。又如: Lei Feng ,from whom we have once learned a lot,is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military School(西点军校)of America 关系代词前的介词 from,与从句的谓语动词 le arn 构成习惯表达 le arn from(向学习) 。 四、语义的重复。例如(上海高考题 98): He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great impor

9、tance to science Awhich I think is Bwhich I think it is C which I think it DI think is 答案是 A。选项 B 重复了宾语 it,因为关系代词 which 是 think 的逻辑宾语;此外,引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省略,故选项 D 也不对。 五、 “介词whom”引导的定语从句与 who whom 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时的区别。试比较: It was a matter of _ would take the position (上海高考题 96) Awho Bwhoever Cwhom Dwhomev

10、er Kennedy and Johnson,both of were murde red in their terms,once coworked as president and vice -president Awho Bwhoever Cwhom Dwhomever 答案分别为 A 和 C。前者是宾语从句, who 引导的整个宾语从句作介词 of 的宾语,同时 who 在从句中作主语,所以不能用 whom 引导。后者是定语从句,whom 作介词 of 的宾语(所以不能用 who 引导) ,构成介、宾结构,作 both 的定语,而 both 才是定语从句的主语。 六、定语从句中的主谓一致

11、问题。试比较: The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far Awhich is on Bthat have not been Cthat has not Dthat has not been 答案分别是 D 和 B。前一例的先行词是 the only one,且指代它的引导词在从句中作

12、主语,故从句的谓语动词必须用单数;又因先行词 one 被 only 修饰,所以只能用 that 引导。当 one 没有被 the only 或 the very 等修饰时,则介词 of 后面的 the film prize s 是先行词,从句中的谓语动词就必须用复数,而且引导词既可用 that 也可用 which(第二例) 。总之,当引导词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式应该与该主语保持一致。 二、定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此,同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型

13、的差异,现将其分类例析如下。 一、定语从句与并列句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors 2定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像 and,but,so 等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看,小题是定语从句,故填 whom;小题有并列连词 but,是

14、并列句,故填代词 them;小题是两个并列分句,无需连接词,缺少主语,故填 none 或 they。 二、定语从句与地点状语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。 Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago 2定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于:定语从句有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替 where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where 引导。

15、因此,从结构上看, 小题无表示地点的先行词,故为表示地点的状语从句,填 where;小题中 the farm 是先行词,是定语从句,故填where,此处的 where 可用 on which 替换。 三、定语从句与强调句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。 It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works 2定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:强调句的结构为“It iswas 被强调部分that 从句 ”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who 代替 that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用 when 或where 代替 that。从结构上看,小题是强调句,故填 that。此种情况检测的标准是:先把强调句中的 It iswas 去掉,再把被强调部分还原,在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下,如句子仍然成立则为强调句,否则为定语从句。将第小题改为:I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport显然,这句话是正确的,故为强调句。小题则是定语

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