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1、Global Distribution Systems (GDS),An overview,From Lazy Susan to Login Susan!,World Travel Market,Regional booking differences,How it was.,Travelers went automatically to a travel agent for a ticket Travel agents then phoned the airline about a specific flight on a specific date Fares were the same
2、on each flight with each airline Reservations staff retrieved index-card for that flight/date from a Lazy Susan (revolving tray with index cards) Sometimes they had to view a reservations board with binoculars! Then the travel agents request could be answered!,Then.,On a certain day on a certain fli
3、ght two persons met by chance: Mr. Smith from American Airlines (AA) Mr. Smith from IBM Result: Plan to automate the AA reservation process with the help of IBM hard- and software Result: SABRE (Semi Automatic Business Reservations Environment),Timeline GDS,50s: Airline Reservation Centers get first
4、 terminals 60s: First CRS Terminals in Travel Agencies 70s: Dumb Terminals become CRS 80s: CRS become GDS 90s: Ownership Change: Airlines divest their GDS 90s: Rise of direct sales through Internet 00s: GDS facing new entrants, Airlines reclaim the ownership of the channell, Low Cost Carriers, New b
5、usiness models, So lets start with some history,Global Distribution Systems,Formerly known as CRS: Computer Reservation System Now GDS: Global Distribution Systems Name change because of function change: Airline Reservations All Travel Services,Main Functions,Reservations: PNR (Passenger Name Record
6、 = booking file containing all relevant reservation data) Back-office integration Management Info: Yield Management Market Information Data Transfer (MITD),Features of a GDS,Start with the request for a flight Look into database for flight availablility Check fare Making of a PNR (Passenger Name Rec
7、ord): Itinerary Name Contact (Phone) Ticketing Received from Fare - SSR/OSI Seat Red = Mandatory Issue of Tickets (Traditional or E-Ticket),Development User Interface,Start: Dumb Terminals (Workstation) Now: Intelligent Terminals (= PC) Expert Mode (Like Focalpoint Galileo) GUI (Like Viewpoint Galil
8、eo, Amadeus Vista),GDS Display: Galileo Expert mode,GDS Display: Galileo GUI-Mode,Connectivity,Several levels of connectivity (low to high): Request from agency is relayed via GDS to airlines, which sends a message back Request is chanelled through GDS direct into airlines own system and seat is all
9、ocated at end of transaction Request is chanelled through GDS direct into airlines system and seat is allocated immediately,The higher the level, the more the vendor has to pay the GDS,GDS: History (1),Originally: Lazy Susans Request and Report and/or Sell and Report 1950s: Internal airline systems
10、Host: airline owner of a CRS Co-hosting: Selling space on own system to other airlines 1960s: Entrance to travel agencies: CRS,Lazy Susans,GDS History (2),End Eighties: Including other services: ferries, cars, hotels, theatres, tours; Name change into GDS Four main systems: Amadeus Galileo Sabre Wor
11、ldspan Regional Systems: Abacus Infini Gemini - . 1990s: Dehosting: Airlines sell their share in GDS,GDS History (3): Founding Airlines,GDS History (4),Ownership now: Amadeus: LH, AF and IB (together 45,76%), Management 2,08%, Venture Capital 52,16% Galileo: Travelport (Hotels, Car Rental, Hotels, R
12、eal Estate, ICT) Sabre: Publicly Owned Worldspan: Travelport (Hotels, Car Rental, Hotels, Real Estate, ICT),Market shares (4 main systems) 2006,Halo and Horn-effect,Halo and Horn Effect,Halo Effect: The extra business an agency gives the airline that owns the GDS system it uses, above what that airl
13、ine might expect to get based on its share of the overall market.,Horn Effect: When something is wrong with a (small) part of the system, a lot of agencies then think the whole system is wrong,GDS and Internet,Internet gave rise to alternative booking channels 1983: 88% of all PNRs through GDS 2002:
14、 Only 53% Some reasons: Costs (Internet instead of dedicated lines) Ease of usec (Graphical interface),Sources of GDS-Revenue:,Booking fees from airlines: Per segment USD 4.48 (Sabre, 2003) Per ticket average USD 12.-! Also fees for cancellations (50% of bookings!) Traffic Fees (each inquiry costs t
15、he airline money) Subscriptions from agencies However: “productivity bonusses” back to agancies Sale of Management Data (MIDT) Hosting inventory other airlines Advertising and other additional services Booking Fees most important!,Position Vendors (Airlines):,Vendors pay for both looking and booking
16、 Huge commissions to pay to GDS Looking for ways to bypass GDS: USA: Orbitz EUR: Opodo Internet based systems, owned by airlines, that consumers can use from their own PC without having to use the GDS and/or agency Agencies receive large kick-backs from GDSs: Airlines claim why not lower the booking fees instead?,Relation GDS and Airlines,GDS charge airlines for looking and booking Airlines pay huge commissions to GDS Agencies receive large kick-backs from GDSs: Airlines claim why not low
