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1、 定语从句的用法与精练2014-11-16一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)等,关系副词包 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)that which who whom whose when where why主语 宾语
2、定语 表语指人 whothatwhomThatwhowhose that指物 whichthatwhichthatwhose that注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary
3、 likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的 音乐。(that 作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 (that 作宾语) 语法关系词指代 2.which 用于指物 ,在句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last
4、 night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom 用于指人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用 who 代替 whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that
5、, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时 ,介词不能放它的
6、前面 ,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用 that 的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,只能用 t
7、hat,而不用 which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 : This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时 ,只能用 that, 而不用 which.例如: I can remember well the persons and so
8、me pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用 that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是 there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用 that,而不用 which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 g.关系代词在从句中做定语 The novel whose cover was bro
9、ken blongs to me . Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher . I know the person whose company produces computers .This is the person whose story surprised everybody . (5)关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况: a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是
10、什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This
11、is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。跟踪练习：1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whom B. which C. who D. /3
12、. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A. that B. whose C. which D. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the one B. which C. who D. whom6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. / D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had pic
13、ked up in the street to the police.A. which B. in which C. that D. all9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A. which B. whom C. whose D. this10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C. which D. / 11. This is the only article of these that _ written
14、 by him.A. was B. were C. is D. are12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A. whom B. who C. / D. he13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next door B. which lives next doorC. whom lives next door D. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your ha
15、nds.A. which B. whom C. that D. who15. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.A. when B. where C. that D. at that16. He is the most careful boy _ I know.A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.A. in that B. when C. where D. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A. where B. in that C. that D. which19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. when B. where C. that D. which20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A. that B. when C. what D. on that21. October 1,
