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1、初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music t
2、hat is quiet and gentle. （ 语）玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat （that ）I put on the desk is blue. （ 语）我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.( 语）位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （ 语）我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好
3、看。3.who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 （作 语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：that 的几种特殊形式（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+wh
4、ich/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that/whic
5、h she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）指物时关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything, anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anythin
6、g that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时， 只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能
7、清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。关系代词作表语时一般不用 who,而用 that。如:He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中 that 是 was 的
8、表语)（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。五、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地
9、点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词 whom 或 which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+ 关系代词 whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物 )引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式) 。例:Mary is the girl w
10、hom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的女孩。Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?=Is this the room where he once lived?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he l
11、ives. 这是他住的房间。I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党 的那一天。I still remember the hour when/at which the r
12、ocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射 的时刻。3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was killed.这是他被杀害的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:用 who 代替 whom,用 that 代替 which 时,介词不能提前。例:Hes the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。当 whom、which 省去时
13、介词不能提前。例:Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿 的男孩吗? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。当 whom, which 作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:Youre the very man whom Im looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which,
14、 who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词常有 3 个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked
15、 about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用 w
16、hom 或 who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用 who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose
