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1、语态分类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in th
2、e south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The stu
3、dent didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.,4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete t
4、he project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. Engli
5、sh lessons are being broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted (by us).,6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being p
6、lanted here this time last year.,7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. Whe
7、n I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader.,9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your com
8、positions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,被动语态构成比较,10: 动词不定式的被动语态 be to do- be to be done be going to do-be going to be done be about to do-be about to be
9、done Eg: He is to read a novel. A novel is to be read by him. They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. They are about to shoot the murderer. The murderer is about to be shot by them.,(1) The police found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken i
10、nto; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen,D,Practice,(2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C.
11、do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have to,A,(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told (4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discus
12、s D. is going to have been discussed,A,B,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on
13、 my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to
14、her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.,3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of
15、, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. A child is taken good care of.,4
16、. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： a.动词+宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b.动词+宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captain. c.动词+宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d.动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor
