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1、中考英语语法,被动语态,教 学 目 标,基 础 知 识,一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。,2. 被动语态的构成： 被字句：主语+ be +动词过去分词(v-ed) +by sb. 我打他 I beat him. (打过了) 他被我打=他打被我 He was beaten by me. 他喜欢她 He likes her. 她喜欢被他 She is liked by him. (am/ is /
2、are).,被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。,学好被动语态的两个基础条件,一、每种时态的be动词形式。 二、不规则动词。,主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1),主+am/ is/ are 主+ am/ is/ are + being 主+ will + be 主+ has been,He is a leader. He is being here. He will be a leader. He has been a leader.,主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2),主+was/ were 主+ was/ were + be
3、ing 主+ would + be 主+ had been,He was a leader. He was being here just now. He would be a leader. He had been a leader several years ago.,被动语态:主+ be +过去分词+(by sb),1. He eats the apple. 2. He ate the apple. 3. He is eating the apple. 4. He was eating the apple. 5. He will eat the apple. 6. He would ea
4、t the apple. 7. He has eaten the apple. 8. He had eaten the apple.,1. The apple is eaten by him. 2. The apple was eaten by him. 3. The apple is being eaten by him. 4. The apple was being eaten by him. 5. The apple will be eaten by him. 6. The apple would be eaten by him. 7. The apple has been eaten
5、by him. 8. The apple had been eaten by him.,三、情态动词的被动语态,他儿子一定照顾这个人。 His son must take care of the person. 这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。 The person must be taken care of by his son. 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。 构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.,1. You must do this as soon as possible
6、. 2. I can use it. 3. You should buy a dictionary. 4. She ought to clean her bedroom. 5. They need look after the little child. 6. We can change water into ice.,1. This must be done as soon as possible (by you). 2. It can be used. 3. A dictionary should be bought(by you). 4. Her bedroom ought to be
7、cleaned. 5. The little child need be looked after(by them). 6. Water can be changed into ice.,提 高 知 识,一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？ 1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 这类动词或短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread,
8、stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。,(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： Fit合适, have, hold, marry结婚, own拥有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to属于,(3)系动词无被动语态： appear, be become,
9、fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 听起来很好。 Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告诉我。,4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 5) 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan work
10、ed out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.,二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？ 不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。 常见的不及物动词有： apologize道歉 appear出现 arrive到达 come来 go去 run跑 walk走 die死 fall掉落 flow流淌 happen发生 rise升起 stay停留 sit坐 lie躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳,基础练习题,( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was
11、 founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3.This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung,( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is
12、 made ( ) 5New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( ) 6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep,( ) 7. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 8. The key _ on
13、the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 9. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being publishedD. has been published,( ) 10. The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water Answers: 1-5
14、BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB,提高练习题,1. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt 2. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown,3. Now these magazines_ in the li
15、brary for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept 4. -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold,5. These papers_yet. A.have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been wri
16、tten 6. The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt 7. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow,8. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 9. Tea _ in the south of China.(多) A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow 10. Old people must _. A.
