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1、中国地质大学江城学院阅读A4课程（论文）评析艰难时世中的功利主义 姓 名： 刘文超 专 业： 英语(英日方向) 班 级： 41301201 学 号： 4130120120 评阅老师： 潘婷婷 论文外文题目： Analysis of Utilitarian in Hard Times 论文主题词： 艰难时世 功利主义 人性的摧残 悲剧根源 外文主题词： Britain Industrial Revolution Utilitarianism destroy humanity root cause of tragic fate Jiangcheng College, China Universit
2、y of Geosciences English Title：Analysis of Utilitarian in Hard Times Student: Liu Wenchao Teacher: Pan Tingting A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the course ofReading A4 in Jiangcheng College, China University of Geosciences June 16th, 2014摘 要 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),英国19世纪杰出的批判
3、现实主义小说家。他的代表作之一艰难时世反映了他对18、19世纪英国工业革命后社会及人们状态的理解与担忧。小说通过生动的现实生活描写和细致的人物形象刻画,向读者展示了英国资产阶级社会的道德现状与社会图景。 通过分析小说艰难时世中两个典型的功利主义者一葛擂硬和庞得员以及其他主要人物的命运，指出资产阶级信奉的极端功利主义对人性的摧残，并且是造成这些人物命运悲剧的根源。关键词：艰难时世 功利主义 人性的摧残 悲剧根源ABSTRACT Charles Dickens (1812-1870), a distinguished British critical realism novelist in19th
4、 century . One of his masterpiece, Hard Times reflects his understanding and concern about the state of society and the people after the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th century .This Novel through depict real life vivid and portray characters detailed, to show readers the moral st
5、atus of the British bourgeois society and the social picture. By analyzin-g the novel Hard Times in a two typical utilitarian Gradgrind and Bounderby, as well as other characters around them, it is concluded that the extreme utilitarianism destroys humanity and is the root cause of these characters
6、tragic fates.Key word: Industrial Revolution Utilitarianism Destroy humanity Root cause of tragic fate目 录1 引言12 功利主义的简介2 2.1 创立背景22.2 理论与原则23 艰难时世中的人物43.1 功利主义的捍卫者43.2 功利主义的受害者63.3 功利主义下的幸存者84 功利主义造成的悲剧94.1 婚姻失败94.2 名利双失94.3 生命逝去9结束语14参考文献15CONTENTS1 Introduction12 Brief Introduction of Utilitariani
7、sm22.1 Forming background22.2 Theories and Principles23 The description of characters in Hard Times43.1 The defender of utilitarianism43.2 The victims of the utilitarianism63.3 The survivors of utilitarianism84 The tragedy of utilitarianism94.1 Failed marriage94.2 Lose fame94.3 Lose life9Conclusion.
8、14References.151 Introduction Charles Dickens was an English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian period. Dickens enjoyed a wider popularity and fame than had any previous author during his lifetime. He has achieved popular recognition to a degree rarely equaled in English me
9、n of letter since the publication of his first novel. And he created 15 novels in his lifetime, and Hard Times is one of it. The Lesvis wrote: in all the works of Charles Dickens , Hard Times is the book, which contains his all genius , and there is an advantage only this book have, that is, it is a
10、 serious art completely.(Lesvis,2002)In Hard Times, the Dickens shows us a wealth of characters, such as the defense of utilitarianism, mercenary Mr. Bounderby; such as the man who believes the truth philosophy hard, and hurts his daughters Mr. Gradgrind; and kind Rchael These flesh-and-blood charac
11、ters constitute Hard Times this great work. Through depicts these figures, Dickens expressed his criticism of the utilitarian forcefully. Hard Times makes a special and important role in the creation of Dickens, the former Soviet literary critic An W Lunacharsky called this novel On contemporary lit
12、erature and art for the capitalism, is generally given it one of the most powerful hit . ( English literature,1986) The first half of novel is the groundwork , describing the utilitarian form of existence, while the latter half, highlight the adverse effects of utilitarianism. From three parts of the novels title can also be seen, such as the first part is called S
