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1、第1页,现在进行时态,语法讲解 练习 备注,此课件尚有许多不足之处,希望大家多多指教!,现在进行时的构成和基本用法1,现在进行时由be的现在式 is/am/are+v.-ing构成。 关于现在分词请看专项讲解。 现在进行时是表现在正在进行的动作,可与now/at present/ at this moment/ these days等时间状语连用,也可不用时间状语。 e.g. What are you doing now ? John? e.g. The telephone is ringing , would you please answer it ,please?,现在进行时的构成和基本
2、用法1,有时现在进行时所表的动作并不一定在说话时刻进行,而是在包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中进行。 e.g. George is translating a book now.(乔治正在翻译一本书)。 现在进行时也常和since(自从)与for (经历)引导的词连用,它所表的动作不仅在现在在进行,而且还将继续进行。 e.g. He is working with us since 1970s.,现在进行时表重复性动作,现在进行时用于少数瞬间动词(jump/knock/kick/hit/nod/tap/wink/shoot/drop等)表不断重复的动作。 e.g. Someone is knoc
3、king. e.g. The baby is kicking and creaming.(小孩踢着嚷着) 但有些表示短暂动作的动词的现在进行时也可表示动作的开始或结束。 e.g. The weather is clearing.(天晴了) e.g. It is ceasing to rain.(雨快停了),现在进行时表状态,现在进行时可用来表示一种临时或目前的情况或措施,这是因为现在进行时所延续的时间一般都比较有限。 e.g. Apples are costing more these days . 现在进行时有时并不表具体时间,而是泛指一切时间主语所处的状态,多用与口语。 e.g. When
4、ever I see him, he is reading.,现在进行时表状态,有时为了生动地描写一种状态,也可用现在进行时。这时句子通常含有感情色彩。 e.g. The sports meet is going well. e.g. I am missing you dreadfully.,现在进行时与一般现在时用法比较1,两者都属于现在时的范畴。 现在进行时表说话时刻或现阶段正发生的动作,常与时间状语now/today/this week/this year等连用,译为“ 正在 ” 或“正在着”。 e.g. He is reading now. 现在进行时常与引起对方注意的look/lis
5、ten/等省略主语的单词作祈使句连用。 e.g. Look! They are playing football.,现在进行时与一般现在时用法比较1,一般现在时主要强调经常性,习惯性的动作,通常和副词often/usually/sometimes/always或介词短语 in the morning/afternoon/evening/on Sunday等连用。 e.g. Li Lei often reads English. e.g. I get up at 7 every day. 另外,客观真理用一般现在时,表主语特征或状态用一般现在时。 e.g. The sun rises in th
6、e east.,现在进行时与一般现在时用法比较2,另外,表按计划或安排要做的事用一般时. e.g. Jim leaves for Shanghai tomorrow. 某些动词诸如go/come/leave/start/return/arrive 等表位移的动词的现在进行时,可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要发生的动作 . e.g. Dont worry .He is coming to see you this afternoon.,现在进行时与一般现在时用法比较2,现在进行时常与 always 连用,也可表经常或反复发生的动作,便往往带有一种感情色彩,诸如赞叹,厌烦等 e.g. Youre
7、always saying I am a child. e.g. He is always thinking of others first . e.g. Why are you always making the same mistake? 相关练习请看练习3,现在进行时表将来,现在进行时还可以表“将来”,常有“意图”,“安排”或“打算”的含义,这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感,它常表最近或较近的将来,多用come/go/leave/arrive等位移动词. e.g. I am leaving tomorrow. 表将来的现在进行进亦可用于某些非转移动词,另外,表将来的现在进行时有时含
8、有“决心”的意思,且多用于否定结构中. e.g. I am not going .(我不走了)。,现在进行时表将来,但有时现在进行时在肯定结构中时,用这种方式与对方讲话便成了一种语气较为温和的命令。 e.g. You are staying .(你留下吧)。 e.g. Do not forget, you are taking part too.(不要忘记,你也要参加哦)。,现在进行时表过去,现在进行时在时间上横跨着过去,现在和将来,所以它不但可表现在和将来,也可表离现在较近的过去。 e.g. What are you talking about? e.g. Why are you hitti
9、ng me? e.g. Do you hear what he is saying ,mother?,现在进行时表过去,有时这种现在进行时还可以与表过去的副词recently/already等连用。 e.g. - Is he playing better now? -Yes, he is playing much better recently. e.g. Are you leaving already?(你已准备走了吗)?,现在分词的构成与性质1,现在分词作为一种分词,它是非谓语动词。它在句中不可作谓语,主语或宾语,只能作表语,定语,状语和补语等。 现在分词一般由动词原形加ing构成。 go
10、going standstanding askasking,现在分词的构成与性质1,但在下列情况下,拼写应作相应变化。 以不发音的e结尾的动词,须去掉e再加ing. comecoming writewriting taketaking becomebecoming 但当将e去掉会引起发音变化时,最后的e应保留。 agreeagreeing singe-singing 另外,e前为元音时,e也应保留。 canoecanoeing,现在分词的构成与性质2,动词是单音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母应双写,然后再加ing . sitsitting b
11、eginbeginning runrunning admitadmitting forget-forgetting 少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词,须变ie 为y,再加ing . diedying tietying lielying 下面请看相关习题-练习1,现在分词与不定式作宾补时的比较,在复合宾语中,宾语补足语即可用不定式,也可用现在分词,二者的区别是:不定式表动作的全过程,现在分词只表动作过程的一部分。 e.g. I saw him go upstairs. e.g. I saw him going upstairs. 有时不定式表一次性动作,现在分词表重复性动作。 e.g. She f
12、elt the tears roll down her cheeks. e.g. She felt the tears rolling down her cheeks .,现在分词与不定式作宾补时的比较,当动词have表“允许”时,常用于否定结构中,后接不定式和现在分词皆可,二者意义无甚区别。 e.g. I will not have you say such things. e.g. I will not have you saying such things. 但在have it doing 中,它是一种固定说法,不可用不定式。 e.g. Do not feel sorry for him
13、 -he had it coming.(不要为他感到惋惜,他那是咎由自取)。,现在分词与动名词的区别,现在分词用作定语,与动名词不同: 首先,现在分词不重读,动名词则须重读。 a sleeping child (现在分词不重读) a sleeping car(动名词须重读) 其次,现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系,动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质或用途。(具体分析见图示) 下面请做练习2,图示:,a sleeping man = a man who is sleeping,a sleeping car = a car for sleeping,练习1,写出下列单词的现在分词形式:,g
14、o study come see agree get be look read run stand lie die promise stop sit have,going,studying,coming,seeing,agreeing,getting,reading,being,running,dying,sitting,looking,studying,promising,having,lying,stopping,练习2,试比较下列几组句子,说说其中的ing的词性: (1) He is a hard-working student. It is a big-waiting room. (2
15、) He went on reading. He went on reading.,练习3,选择题: 1. All the furniture in the house _ to the landlord. A. is belonged B. belongs C. belonging D. are belonged 2. As a general rule ,snakes _unless offended. A. will not be biting B. do not bite C. are not biting D. have not bitten 3. The earth _ round
16、 the sun in 365 days . A. moves B. moved C. is moving D. move,B,B,A,练习3,4. Listen, someone_ at the door. A. knock B. knocks C. is knocking D. knocked 5. I am very happy, because my pen-friend _to see me this weekend . A. come B .comes C. coming D. is coming 6. I do not really work here. I _ until the new secrectry arrives. A . just help out B. have just helped out C .am just helping out D. will just help out,