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1、英语的时态,一、一般现在时的用法,1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 (时间状语:every, sometimes ,seldom, now and then, forever, occasionally , frequently, once/twice /several times a week /mouth at, on Sunday, often, always) I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth
2、moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.,3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 (注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓 语也要用一般现在时。)例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English b
3、ut does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。,5）.现在一般时常用于新闻标题、剧情介绍、体育项目，电视的解说等。,a. Japanese Minister resigns. b. When the curtain ri
4、ses, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly. Meanwhile the window opens and a masked man enters the room.,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, depart,start, begin, return,stay,的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间 上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow mor
5、ning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,4）在动词hope, take care that, ma
6、ke sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,5）表示状态或感觉的动词，因不宜用进行时，所以习惯上用一 般现在时.这样的动词有：,be, know , understand , doubt, believe , hope, want, have, wish , mean, love, like, guess, need, prefer, belong, look, sound, taste, smel
7、l, feel, own, remain, seem, contain等。,二、一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday,last week, the other day, then, at that time,. ago, in 1982, at the age of , in ones thirties, just now,once, once upon a time 等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yes
8、terday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2）表示在过去某时或一段时间内，经常性，习惯性的动作或反复 发生的动作。 Before liberation she lived in Tianjin about ten years. When I was a child, I often played football in the street.,3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I w
9、anted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could, would，例如： Could you lend me your bike? 4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.,5）在叙述死去的人时用过去时。 Liu hulan was
10、a fine daughter of the Party.,6) 在间接引语中,He said he did /had done it by himself.,注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了；该了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了”，例如： It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如： Id rat
11、her you came tomorrow. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid 病人, 残废者all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚
12、离去),三、一般将来时 表示将来要发生的动作或状态，以及将来经常的或习惯的动作。 (next week, tomorrow, this week, the day after tomorrow) 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you goin
13、g to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.,3) be about to +不定式，意为马上或刚要做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等 表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 4) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We a
14、re to discuss the report next Saturday.,be to和be going to 的用法之比较： be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主 观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排),be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿，倾向 或不以人们 的意志为转移。例如： If y
15、ou are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. I will be fifty next year. Animals will die without air.（倾向）,“wont “表示“不能”,The machine wont work. The door wont open.,5)
16、 come , go, start, begin, leave, arrive用进行时形式表示将 来时。 I am leaving for Beijing.,They always _(clean) the rooms themselves. Last Sunday I_(get up) very early. They will come to help if you _(have) difficulty. If it _(rain), the match will be postponed. After we_(have) our breakfast, Jane and I went to the Peoples Park. We _soon _(go) to the countryside.,clean,g
