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1、九、状语从句 Adverbial Clauses 知识要点: 状语从句是副词性从句,它在句子中担任状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面,状语从句可以分为以下九种。 1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 8、 让步状语从句 9、 比较状语从句 1、时间状语从句 种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明 时 whenwhenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时,他正在写信。We shall go there wheneve
2、r we are free.我们什么时间有空,我们就去那里。 when 指的是 某一具体的时间。whenever 指的是在任何一个不具体的时间。 间状 when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when 意为这时或 在那个时候,可以看作是并列句 ,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句末。 语 while While it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候,他们出去了
3、。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。 while 指 在某一段时间里 ,在期间,while 引导的动作必须是持续性的。 从 as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家,不时地一边走一边向后看。 as 引导持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生,再做先生。 before 译为在之前 after He arrived after the game started.比赛开始后,他到了。 till
4、 We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作,常用肯定式,表示直到为止 种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明 时 until She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到 11 点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着,直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词,常用否定式,表示直才在以前不,从句放在句首表示强调,一般用 until 间状 since as soon as Great cha
5、nges have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开,如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。 语从句 hardlywhenno soonerthan I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家,就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No soone
6、r had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站,火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardlywhen 和 no soonerthan 的意义相当于 as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情,主句为过去完成时,从句为过去时,如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语气强,而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。 every time, by the time, the moment 等 Every time I travelled by
7、boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌,就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候,就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中,不能用将来时或过去将来时,而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。 地点状语从句 wherewherever Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水,哪里就有生命。You are f
8、ree to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where 与 wherever 意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书面语。 原因状 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。 because 用来回答 why 的问题,语气最强一般放在主句之后 语从句 since Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeti
9、ng.既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。since 表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首 种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明 原因 as As he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多,他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。 状语从句 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们
10、可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重,我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意义相似,他们都有鉴于某个事实 的意思, that 可以省去。 目的状语从句 thatso thatin order thatlest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。Well tell you the
11、truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作,为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服,以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之
12、前,从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号 结果状 so that sothat We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。 so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句。 sothat 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词。 语从句 suchthat He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么
13、重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。 suchthat 的 such 后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用 such a /anthat 还可以转换用sothat,语气较强 种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明 条件状语 从 句 if unlessas/so long asin case so far as Difficulties
14、 are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。 We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。 = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。So far as I k
15、now, the book will be published next month.据我所知,那本书下月出版。 unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和 ifnot 同义,unless 是书面语,ifnot 是口语,通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 方 式 状 语 从 句 as as ifas though Draw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是
16、生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处 as 译为,按照或正如 as if 或 as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气。 让 步 状 语 thoughalthough Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了,但仍开始学习法语 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活,但并不累。 在句子中一般用了 虽然就不能再用 但是 (but)但可以与 yet 或