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1、高中英语中主谓一致的用法,主谓一致的定义,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。,主谓一致的三大原则,一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则 三、就近原则,一、语法一致原则,主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。,I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.,二、意义一致,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。,The
2、 crowd were surrounding the government official. Maths is hard to learn.,三、就近原则,就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。,例如： There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.,主谓一致 三原则：,语法一致：单单复复,意义一致：形单意复复: people police 形复意单单:news maths,就近一致：not onlybut also等,由and连接两个名词时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。(both and) The mother and father sp
3、eak a little English . 2. 代词做主语 every, each, either, no+单数名词做主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 Every girl wants to look beautiful. No one knows all their names.,语法一致,(2) all 表复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；all 表单数时，谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。 All planets do not have a satellite. All is not gold that glitters. (3)None of 做主语时，如果其后的名词是不可数名词，
4、谓语动词用单数；如果是可数名词，谓语动词单、复数均可。 None of the water was left. (水一点也没剩。) None of the students has/have ever been to the island.(学生中谁也没去过那个岛。),语法一致,1.主语+with (together with, along with,), as well as, including, rather than, besides, except, but, in addition to, other than ,like ,not ect.结构中，谓语与主语一致,2.不定式，动名
5、词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数 1Serving the people is my great happiness. 2When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. 3When and where we will go hasnt been decided.,*但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。 Eg:1.)What you did was right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries.,3.定语从句中,“one of +复数名词+定语从句”从句的谓语
6、动词复数。 若在one of 前有the, the only, the very修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。 Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well. 2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.,play,plays,4.定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which时，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致。 Eg: I, who _your teacher, will teach you everything I know.,am,5.在强调句中，如被强调
7、的是句子的主语时， 则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致 eg: 1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class. 2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.,helps,was,6.half of./the rest of./part of/ plenty of/分数（%）+of.等作主语， 谓语动词随of后的名词而变化。, 意义一致 1.由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、 同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前
8、没有冠词。 Eg.1.) The writer and teacher is her uncle . 2.) A poet and artist is coming to deliver a speech. 3.) My classmate and friend _going to pay a visit to me. 4.) A fork and knife is on the table. 5.)War and peace is often peoples topic.,is,a knife and fork一副刀叉; bread and butter加黄油的面包; coffee and
9、milk加牛奶的咖啡; whisky and soda 汽水 salt and water 盐水 a needle and thread针线; a horse and cart四轮马车; a watch and chain表链; a coat and tie;配有领带的上衣 war and peace战争与和平; truth and honesty;真诚 medical help and cure；药物治疗 aim and end 目的,2. and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多）等修饰时，谓语用 单数。 Eg. 1.)Every tree an
10、d (every) flower is to be cut down. 2.)No sound and no voice is heard. 3.) Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 4.) In our country each boy and (each) girl has right to receive education.,3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词 表示单位数量作主语时，被看作整体时谓语 用单数。 eg: Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough fo
11、r him. Three thousand miles is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried. *如强调具体数目，则用复数。 One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fifty years have passed since they got married.,4. “many a +单数名词 /more than one+单数名词 /one and a half +单数名词”作主语， 谓语动词用单数 eg: 1.) many a foreigner ha
12、s been to the Great Wall. 2.)More than one student has turned up at the meeting. 3.) One and a half banana was eaten by the boy.,5.由some, any, every, no构成的不定代词,谓语动词用单数,6. each of/either of./one of谓语动词用单数. none of/neither of可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数 eg: 1.)None of us are/is perfect. 2.) Neither
13、of them know/knows the answer. 3.) None of this worries me. /None of this money is mine.,*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用， 谓语动词用单数。 Neither statement was true.,7.主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数 形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数 The United States is a developed country. 8.带引号的词语作主语，谓语单数 “I” is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.,意义一致,1
14、.集合名词family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, army, enemy, government, population作主语， 若强调整体，谓语动词用单数 若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数 eg:书p5,2.集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表 示复数意义谓语动词永远复数. people 民族（可数名词，peoples),3.主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼, series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器
15、, ect.时， 视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。 Eg: 1.) A new means has been used . 2.) Many means have not come into effect.,4.以-s结尾的一些词the Olympic Games, manners, remains, earnings, belongings, goods, surroundings, winnings, leavings, ect.表示复数 意义，谓语动词用复数,5.physics, politics, mathematics等一些以“-ics” 结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单
16、数。 eg. 1.) Physics is not difficult to learn. 2.)Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school. 注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或 非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。 My mathematics are week. What are your politics政治信仰/见解?,6.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数， *但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数。,Eg. 1) My trousers are very nice. 2)A pair of shoes
